今天安裝了一臺RedHat 7.2的虛擬機,安裝完成后發現系統里已經自帶了vmware-tools不過版本號非常怪異,經過查詢得知,這個是open-vm-tools。
關于open-vm-tools的說明:
https://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=2095783
根據這個說明open-vm-tools比vmware tools更加優秀,但是我實際測試了發現并沒有說的這么好,比如重啟,只能強制重啟沒法像標準的那樣重啟,所以研究了下如何刪除,然后安裝官方標準的vm tools。
如果客戶機包含 open-vm-tools-gui、open-vm-tools 或 vmware-guest-kmp-desktop 組件,必須先移除這些組件,然后再安裝 VMware 提供的 VMware Tools。
找到預安裝的 openSUSE Linux open-vm-tools
在 X 終端中,以 root (su) 用戶身份登錄并運行以下命令:
rpm -qa | grep vm
卸載 open-vm-tools gui、open-vm-tools 或 vmware-guest-kmp-desktop
rpm -e open-vm-tools open-vm-tools-desktop
刪除完成,然后在按照標準方法再次安裝官方vmtools
kali Linux官方發布了一個適用于WSL2 win10子系統的軟件win-kex,這是一個運行在win10下的Linux GUI軟件,從此win10也可以和Linux友好共存了
首先,打開Windows設置,選擇更新和安全
找到OS內部版本信息
在Windows規格中找到版本號
版本號低于2004的需要進行更新。
直接在Windows更新中,更新至最新版本即可。
回到設置頁面,找到應用
選擇程序與功能
啟用和關閉Windows功能
勾選適用于Linux的Windows子系統和虛擬機平臺,確定。
稍等后重啟計算機即可。
進入微軟商店
搜索Linux,并選擇下載kali Linux
等待下載完成后點擊啟動,首次啟動需要較長等待
一直點回車也可以,以后每次打開不要密碼而且是root用戶
2.WSL版本轉換
一般情況下我們安裝的子系統都是基于WSL1的,而想要啟動圖形化的GUI界面我們需要將其轉化為WSL2版本,方法很簡單,進入cmd命令行或者power shell,輸入命令
wsl -l -v
即可查看當前版本和子系統名稱,輸入命令
wsl --set-version kali-linux 2
(看你,這個wsl2是與虛擬機模擬器啥都不兼容,但是vmare現在兼容了,大多數安卓模擬器不支持,但是以后的wsa是基于wsl所以不用太擔心)
稍等即可將版本轉化為WSL2,但是有的時候裝換會失敗,并要求我們訪問微軟官網
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/wsl2-kernel
這種情況一般是因為缺少WSL2 Linux內核導致的,只要訪問該網站并下載安裝相應的內核文件即可解決。
網卡的兄弟關注公v:cxyy1106,發送wsl留言解答
該文件為.msi文件,需要信任后安裝(微軟官方軟件還會報警告就很搞笑)
安裝完成后重新執行轉換命令,如果還是轉換失敗可使用
wsl --set-default-version 2
默認安裝版本改為WSL2,然后卸載已安裝的Linux子系統,重新安裝即可。
3.配置軟件源
Linux系統的官方軟件源在國外,直接使用命令進行下載時會非常慢,所以一般會使用源鏡像進行下載,詳細教程可自行搜索,我在這里僅提供一種簡單的方法。
直接執行以下命令即可(這里我選用了北京外國語大學的鏡像)
sudo sed -i 's/http.kali.org/mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
覺得不太行的后面還有幾個
首先先查看kali中源的文件,里面默認有官方的源。
(vim沒有vi也有)
控制文件要先按esc
dd刪除一行
:wq保存退出
然后把我們找到的國內的源添加上,將官方的源進行注釋。(在前面加“#”)。下面為國內及國外的源。
# kali官方源
deb http://http.kali.org/ moto main non-free contrib
deb-src http://http.kali.org/ moto main non-free contrib
deb http://security.kali.org/ moto/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.kali.org/ moto/updates main contrib non-free
#中科大kali源
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free
#新加坡kali源
deb http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali/ kali main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali/ kali main non-free contrib
deb http://security.kali.org/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free
#阿里云kali源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free
#163 Kali源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security wheezy/updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security wheezy/updates main non-free contrib
#中科大
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
#浙大
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
#東軟大學 (這個有點。。。)
deb http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling/main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling/main non-free contrib
#清華大學
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
有幾個命令會在更新源中用到。
apt-get update:更新源列表。如果修改源列表或者想要進行同步刷新或添加新的源,應該執行上面的命令。
apt-get upgrade:該命令將嘗試下載在apt服務器上具有更新的所有軟件包,然后按下 “y”時安裝它們。
apt-get dist-upgrade:該命令也是更新所有軟件包。但是當upgrade更新時,如果依賴關系無法解決可能會報錯或者停止,但是dist-upgrade命令可以自動解決依賴關系。因此dist-upgrade可能會更新不希望更新的軟件,導致一些需要依賴舊包的軟件無法運行。
所以,apt-get dist-upgrade慎用。一般使用 apt-get update && apt-get upgrade 可以保證系統的完整性。
然后進行清理。apt-get clean
重啟即可。reboot
以下步驟不影響圖形化界面安裝啟動,是我建議的一個終端美化。
在微軟商店中找到并安裝Windows terminal
啟動后在標簽欄找到下三角圖案,進入設置
Windows terminal的設置是基于.json文件實現的,如果沒有適合的編輯器可以下載VSCode或者Sublime text
在list標簽中找到name為kali-linux的標簽,并復制guid(包括引號和括號)
將剛剛復制的guid粘貼到文件開頭的defaultProfile標簽下,保存文件即可實現默認啟動為Linux子系統
最新的軟件可以圖形化設置 不用打開這個文件
在schemes標簽的方括號中可以添加各種主題顏色,課自行搜索獲得,我在這里僅提供我自己正在使用的一種配色(設置好主題后,記得將profiles中的主題名稱對應修改)
順便貼下筆者的Windows Terminal配置:
// This file was initially generated by Windows Terminal 1.4.3243.0
// It should still be usable in newer versions, but newer versions might have additional
// settings, help text, or changes that you will not see unless you clear this file
// and let us generate a new one for you.
// To view the default settings, hold "alt" while clicking on the "Settings" button.
// For documentation on these settings, see: https://aka.ms/terminal-documentation
{
"$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",
"defaultProfile": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
// You can add more global application settings here.
// To learn more about global settings, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-global-settings
// If enabled, selections are automatically copied to your clipboard.
"copyOnSelect": true,
// If enabled, formatted data is also copied to your clipboard
"copyFormatting": false,
// A profile specifies a command to execute paired with information about how it should look and feel.
// Each one of them will appear in the 'New Tab' dropdown,
// and can be invoked from the commandline with `wt.exe -p xxx`
// To learn more about profiles, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-profile-settings
"profiles":
{
"defaults":
{
// Put settings here that you want to apply to all profiles.
"fontFace": "Fira Code",
"fontSize": 11,
"startingDirectory": "./"
},
"list":
[
{
// Make changes here to the powershell.exe profile.
"guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
"name": "Windows PowerShell",
"commandline": "powershell.exe",
"hidden": false,
"useAcrylic" : true,
"acrylicOpacity" : 0.75,
"colorScheme" : "Afterglow"
},
{
// Make changes here to the cmd.exe profile.
"guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
"name": "Command Prompt",
"commandline": "cmd.exe",
"hidden": false,
"useAcrylic" : true,
"acrylicOpacity" : 0.75,
},
{
"guid": "{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}",
// "hidden": false,
"hidden": true,
"name": "Azure Cloud Shell",
"source": "Windows.Terminal.Azure"
},
{
"guid": "{07b52e3e-de2c-5db4-bd2d-ba144ed6c273}",
"hidden": false,
"name": "Ubuntu-20.04",
"source": "Windows.Terminal.Wsl"
},
{
"guid": "{2c4de342-38b7-51cf-b940-2309a097f518}",
"hidden": false,
"name": "Ubuntu",
"source": "Windows.Terminal.Wsl",
"useAcrylic" : true,
"acrylicOpacity" : 0.75,
"colorScheme" : "ubt"
}
]
},
// Add custom color schemes to this array.
// To learn more about color schemes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-color-schemes
"schemes": [
{
"name": "Afterglow",
"black": "#151515",
"red": "#ac4142",
"green": "#7e8e50",
"yellow": "#e5b567",
"blue": "#6c99bb",
"purple": "#9f4e85",
"cyan": "#7dd6cf",
"white": "#d0d0d0",
"brightBlack": "#505050",
"brightRed": "#ac4142",
"brightGreen": "#7e8e50",
"brightYellow": "#e5b567",
"brightBlue": "#6c99bb",
"brightPurple": "#9f4e85",
"brightCyan": "#7dd6cf",
"brightWhite": "#f5f5f5",
"background": "#001c33",
// "background": "#212121",
"foreground": "#d0d0d0"
},
{
"name": "ubt",
"black": "#151515",
"red": "#ac4142",
"green": "#7e8e50",
"yellow": "#e5b567",
"blue": "#6c99bb",
"purple": "#9f4e85",
"cyan": "#7dd6cf",
"white": "#d0d0d0",
"brightBlack": "#505050",
"brightRed": "#ac4142",
"brightGreen": "#7e8e50",
"brightYellow": "#e5b567",
"brightBlue": "#6c99bb",
"brightPurple": "#9f4e85",
"brightCyan": "#7dd6cf",
"brightWhite": "#f5f5f5",
//"background": "#2f0012",
"background": "#212121",
"foreground": "#d0d0d0"
},
],
// Add custom actions and keybindings to this array.
// To unbind a key combination from your defaults.json, set the command to "unbound".
// To learn more about actions and keybindings, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-keybindings
"actions":
[
// Copy and paste are bound to Ctrl+Shift+C and Ctrl+Shift+V in your defaults.json.
// These two lines additionally bind them to Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V.
// To learn more about selection, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-selection
{ "command": {"action": "copy", "singleLine": false }, "keys": "ctrl+c" },
{ "command": "paste", "keys": "ctrl+v" },
// Press Ctrl+Shift+F to open the search box
{ "command": "find", "keys": "ctrl+shift+f" },
// Press Alt+Shift+D to open a new pane.
// - "split": "auto" makes this pane open in the direction that provides the most surface area.
// - "splitMode": "duplicate" makes the new pane use the focused pane's profile.
// To learn more about panes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-panes
{ "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "auto", "splitMode": "duplicate" }, "keys": "alt+shift+d" }
]
}
如果,你更習慣于使用Windows PS,但是你又覺得界面丑陋,這里有美化教程。 WPS美化 Windows Terminal也是微軟開發的,微軟出品,必屬精品啊
參考文章
https://blog.csdn.net/l1447320229/article/details/108210760?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522161486627316780271516282%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=161486627316780271516282&biz_id=0