我相信基于全光譜、全平臺、納米尺度對光子的極限操縱來發(fā)展的科技,正在改變世界。”新加坡南洋理工大學(xué)電機與電子工程學(xué)院助理教授胡光維在全球青年科技領(lǐng)袖峰會上如是說。
超集成、多功能微納光子學(xué)芯片具有巨大的應(yīng)用前景和市場,其有望逐步發(fā)展出與當(dāng)下微納電子器件互補,甚至替代新一代計算和信息處理平臺,成為新一代顛覆性技術(shù)。
同時,應(yīng)用于太陽能收集和輻射制冷的微納光子器件,更是有望從能源利用角度出發(fā),發(fā)展新的清潔能源、緩解全球變暖等,為解決這些全球性挑戰(zhàn)提供新的途徑。
胡光維致力于發(fā)展新型微納光學(xué)器件,探索其在光芯片、光計算、光能源和新型生物成像系統(tǒng)等方向的應(yīng)用。基于原子材料和厘米級光學(xué)晶體的新穎納米光學(xué)系統(tǒng),他首次實現(xiàn)室溫下自由空間中高效調(diào)控二維材料的能谷自由度,提出并證明低維納米材料中的轉(zhuǎn)角光子學(xué),為下一代超薄、超集成、多功能衍射光學(xué)器件和片上光學(xué)系統(tǒng)提供新方法。憑借這些系列創(chuàng)新成果,胡光維成為 2022 年度《麻省理工科技評論》“35 歲以下科技創(chuàng)新 35 人”中國入選者之一。
圖丨2022 年度《麻省理工科技評論》“35 歲以下科技創(chuàng)新 35 人”中國入選者胡光維
提出并證明低維納米材料中的轉(zhuǎn)角光子學(xué)
納米光子學(xué)研究光與物質(zhì)在納米尺度的相互作用,在現(xiàn)代納米技術(shù)和光學(xué)市場中占有重要位置。作為一門新興交叉學(xué)科,納米光子學(xué)的主要研究命題是研發(fā)新納米材料,拓展基礎(chǔ)光學(xué)物理以及開發(fā)新的工程工具,進而制造超緊湊、高集成、多功能的光學(xué)系統(tǒng),助力實現(xiàn)以高端制造和基于片上信息處理的光計算、傳感、成像等。
為研究納米結(jié)構(gòu)和光的相互作用,科學(xué)家希望將納米結(jié)構(gòu)的尺寸和光波的尺寸(百納米級)相匹配。舉例來說,金屬材料可將光局域在金屬表面,它的局域能力大概在兩到三倍。由此可見,傳統(tǒng)的思路是,要么讓材料的尺寸和光波長接近,要么研究清楚材料對光的局域效應(yīng)。
胡光維創(chuàng)新地以“兩個極端”作為研究思路,即或?qū)⒉牧系某叽缱兊脴O小或極大。以二維材料為例,當(dāng)材料變得極小時,其厚度只有一個或幾個原子層,因此其尺度遠小于光波長尺度。所謂“極大”是指材料尺寸大于光的波長尺寸,例如方解石尺寸在厘米或毫米級,二者尺寸存在千倍甚至萬倍的變化。
以這種思路為基礎(chǔ),他逐漸探索出“兩種極端”情況下實現(xiàn)納米光子的方法,建立了基于新穎低維量子材料研發(fā)原子級厚度和高度緊湊的光電器件的系統(tǒng)性方法論。
將原子級厚度的量子材料同傳統(tǒng)納米光子學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)合,其背后的物理原理是改變量子材料所在系統(tǒng)的邊界條件,以此實現(xiàn)對其光電性能的控制。以二維半導(dǎo)體為例,胡光維證明了將其與傳統(tǒng)金屬加工的人工材料集成,利用傳統(tǒng)人工材料,改變二維材料所在系統(tǒng)的非線性偶極子激發(fā)的邊界條件,進而控制其光電響應(yīng),實現(xiàn)了非線性光學(xué)和谷電子學(xué)的應(yīng)用。
(來源:Nature Photonics)
胡光維表示:“該方法首次實現(xiàn)了室溫下自由空間中,高效讀出二維材料的能谷自由度[1]。同時,也完成了非線性全息、光束偏折、非線性光學(xué)奇點產(chǎn)生等應(yīng)用[2]。”
系列研究揭示了基于集成傳統(tǒng)材料實現(xiàn)原子級厚度的自由空間光學(xué)衍射器件,從而同時對光的頻率、偏振、自旋、軌道角動量等自由度實現(xiàn)完全控制。該方法將量子材料進一步做成結(jié)構(gòu),成為人工原子材料,進而改變系統(tǒng)所對應(yīng)的麥克斯韋方程組中參量及其本構(gòu)關(guān)系。
基于此,胡光維與團隊將人工原子和范德瓦爾斯材料進行旋轉(zhuǎn)堆疊[3,4],首次揭示并證明了二維材料中的光學(xué)平帶渠道化模式。在旋轉(zhuǎn)的二維材料體系中,如果放電源,那么它的光子只能沿著一個特定的方向無衍射、無擴散地傳播。
胡光維解釋道:“這就意味著光在納米尺度下,光子被局域了接近 20 倍,相當(dāng)于把光子的尺寸比縮小 20 倍。”
圖丨雙層旋轉(zhuǎn)的光學(xué)二維材料體系示意圖,樣品圖和結(jié)果圖(來源:Nature)
值得關(guān)注的是,該現(xiàn)象對應(yīng)于旋轉(zhuǎn)堆疊原子材料結(jié)構(gòu)中的特定轉(zhuǎn)角。在該角度下,光子的能帶發(fā)生拓撲轉(zhuǎn)變,實現(xiàn)類似魔角石墨烯中的平帶超導(dǎo)現(xiàn)象。因此,該角度也被稱為“光學(xué)魔角”,他進一步通過實驗觀測到這一現(xiàn)象[5,6]。
該研究被英國 Physics World 雜志評選為“2020 年十大物理突破”之一。與此同時,該系列工作開啟了轉(zhuǎn)角光子學(xué),并揭示了通過將低維量子材料結(jié)構(gòu)化,來控制光子與能量在納米近場的傳播,向進一步實現(xiàn)超集成的原子級厚度的光學(xué)芯片邁出重要的一步。
基于傳統(tǒng)晶體光學(xué)的納米光子學(xué)
晶體光學(xué)是一門擁有近 300 年歷史的古老學(xué)科。胡光維通過重新探索這一學(xué)科時發(fā)現(xiàn),傳統(tǒng)體塊光學(xué)晶體(例如方解石)可以直接作為中紅外和太赫茲的納米光子學(xué)平臺。
在納米光子的發(fā)展的背景下,他通過研究表明,不同于在體塊材料的內(nèi)部傳播,在室溫下,光子可以局域在表面并沿表面低損耗、定向長程傳播。
這得益于胡光維理論發(fā)現(xiàn)的新型表面光子模式——幽靈激元,并在方解石晶體表面得以證明[7]。 進一步,其研究指出,該材料本身的對稱性極其重要,通過降低材料的原子對稱性,可以實現(xiàn)光的選擇性定向傳播[8,9]。
(來源:南洋理工大學(xué))
該研究被評為“2021 年中國光學(xué)十大進展” 之一,同時被美國光學(xué)學(xué)會以《太陽石上的激元學(xué)》為題及內(nèi)部封面的形式入選光學(xué)年度重要進展。
胡光維表示,隨著傳統(tǒng)晶體的成熟加工工藝和在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的廣泛應(yīng)用,該系列重要成果有望實現(xiàn)顛覆性的、成熟的紅外納米光子芯片。在國防、傳感、個人健康、空氣監(jiān)控等場景皆有重要應(yīng)用。
在螺旋上升中進行“科學(xué)接力”
胡光維出生和成長在大別山的一個鄉(xiāng)村,從小接受到嚴(yán)格的教育,在學(xué)習(xí)和成長的過程中逐漸養(yǎng)成對細節(jié)把握的習(xí)慣。“成長在中國經(jīng)濟騰飛以及農(nóng)村快速變革的大環(huán)境下,每個人都可以談各自的夢想。這有助于打破思維的限制,敢于做夢。”胡光維說。
他本科畢業(yè)于哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)物理系,專業(yè)是光學(xué)方向。從基于鈮酸鋰和液晶等材料的光學(xué)全息存儲開始著手研究,并對光學(xué)物理和光學(xué)信息存儲、處理等產(chǎn)生了濃厚興趣。研究中他發(fā)現(xiàn),傳統(tǒng)體塊材料性能有限、難以集成,很難適應(yīng)超集成微納光子科技的發(fā)展需求和應(yīng)用場景。
之后,他赴新加坡國立大學(xué)電子與計算機工程系讀博,為解決上述問題,胡光維選擇研究超表面與二維材料,博士導(dǎo)師為仇成偉教授以及安德里·亞阿盧(Andrea Alu)教授,在斯坦福大學(xué)范汕洄(Shanhui Fan)教授課題組進行博士后研究。博士期間,他還在美國德州大學(xué)奧斯汀分校和紐約市立大學(xué)訪問。
“我發(fā)現(xiàn),對事物的認(rèn)識總是螺旋上升的。”胡光維說。博士期間的研究,讓他對光學(xué)材料產(chǎn)生了進一步認(rèn)識。于是,他重新拾起對傳統(tǒng)體塊狀晶體材料的研究,去探索是否有新的基礎(chǔ)知識有待挖掘。
“我覺得我們是在進行一種科學(xué)接力,相當(dāng)于在前輩們對自然世界的了解基礎(chǔ)上,慢慢地將技術(shù)進一步推進。”他說。
圖丨胡光維在全球青年科技領(lǐng)袖峰會現(xiàn)場(來源:DeepTech)
現(xiàn)在,胡光維是新加坡南洋理工大學(xué)助理教授,致力于發(fā)展新型納米光子學(xué)平臺,并開拓其在光計算與能源兩個全球重要性課題的應(yīng)用。
談及做科研的心得,胡光維在總結(jié)其幾位優(yōu)秀導(dǎo)師對其指導(dǎo)時說道:“做你現(xiàn)在的能力可以做的科研,接下來慢慢地提升自己的能力。也就是說,視野可以很高,但要先去手能觸及的地方做研究,接下來再慢慢地讓觸及的范圍更廣。”
一方面,在高度集成器件上進行高效、低損耗、超快的信息處理是大數(shù)據(jù)時代的重要追求目標(biāo)之一。現(xiàn)有的集成電路計算速率受限,能源損耗較大。同時,在加工工藝上,摩爾定律的有效性也遭遇挑戰(zhàn)。
另一方面,胡光維的研究重點還在開發(fā)新能源并降低能耗,以及減少化石能源帶來的全球變暖效應(yīng)。通過在可見光及中紅外納米光子學(xué)方面的研究積累,他計劃帶領(lǐng)課題組(https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/cris/rp/rp02126)利用熱輻射手段,發(fā)展太陽能采集、輻射制冷等技術(shù),拓展微納光子學(xué)在能源利用以及被動降溫器件等方面的應(yīng)用。
“未來,我希望能發(fā)展出覆蓋可見光、中紅外以及太赫茲的寬譜、多物理場耦合新型納米光子科學(xué)與技術(shù),為下一代超薄、超集成、多功能衍射光學(xué)器件和片上光學(xué)系統(tǒng)提供新的方法。”胡光維最后說道。
參考資料:
1.Hu, G., Hong, X., Wang, K. et al. Coherent steering of nonlinear chiral valley photons with a synthetic Au–WS2 metasurface. Nature Photonics 13, 467–472 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-019-0399-1 2.Hong,X.,Hu, G. et al. Research 2020, 9085782(2020). https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/2020/9085782
3.Li, P., Hu, G., Dolado, I. et al. Collective near-field coupling and nonlocal phenomena in infrared-phononic metasurfaces for nano-light canalization. Nature Communications 11, 3663 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17425-9
4.Hu, G. et al. Nano Letters 20, 3217-3224, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05319
5.Hu, G., Ou, Q., Si, G. et al. Topological polaritons and photonic magic angles in twisted α-MoO3 bilayers. Nature 582, 209–213 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2359-9
6.Zhang, Q., Hu, G., Ma, W. et al. Interface nano-optics with van der Waals polaritons. Nature 597, 187–195 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03581-5
7.Ma, W., Hu, G., Hu, D. et al. Ghost hyperbolic surface polaritons in bulk anisotropic crystals. Nature 596, 362–366 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03755-1
8.Passler, N.C., Ni, X., Hu, G. et al. Hyperbolic shear polaritons in low-symmetry crystals. Nature 602, 595–600 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04328-y
9. Hu, G., Ma, W., Hu, D. et al. Real-space nanoimaging of hyperbolic shear polaritons in a monoclinic crystal. Nat. Nanotechnol. 18, 64–70 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01264-
巫師和跳跳堝(1)
★ 第1章 ★
There was once a kindly old wizard who used his magic generously and wisely for the benefit of his neighbors.
從前,有一位善良的老巫師,他總是慷慨而智慧地利用自己的魔法,幫助周圍的鄰居們。
Rather than reveal the true source of his power, he pretended that his potions, charm, and antidotessprang ready-made from the little cauldron he called his lucky cooking pot.
他沒有告訴別人他的力量來自哪里,而是謊稱他的魔藥、咒語和解藥都是從一口小坩堝里現(xiàn)成地跳出來的。他管這口堝叫他的幸運堝。
From miles around people came to him with their troubles, and the wizard was pleased to give his pot a stir and put things right.
方圓幾里的人們有了麻煩都來找他,老巫師總是很樂意地攪拌一下他的坩堝,讓事情迎刃而解。
This well-beloved wizard lived to a goodly age, then died, leaving all his chattels to his only son.
這位深受愛戴的巫師活了很久,去世后,他所有的財產(chǎn)都留給了他唯一的兒子。
This son was of a very different disposition to his gentle father.
這個兒子跟他性情溫和的父親完全不一樣。
Those who could not work magic were, to the son's mind, worthless, and he had often quarreled with his father's habit of dispensing magical aid to their neighbors.
在兒子看來,那些不會魔法的人都是廢物,他經(jīng)常因父親用魔法幫助鄰居的習(xí)慣而跟父親吵架。
Upon the father's death, the son found hidden inside the old cooking pot a small package bearing his name.
父親死后,兒子發(fā)現(xiàn)那口舊坩堝里藏著一個小包裹,上面寫著他的名字。
He opened it, hoping for gold, but found instead a soft, thick slipper, much too small to wear, and with no pair.
他打開包裹,以為會發(fā)現(xiàn)金子,卻只找到了一只又厚又軟的拖鞋,小得根本不能穿,而且找不到另一只。
A fragment of parchment within the slipper bore the words “In the fond hope, my son, that you will never need it.”
鞋子里有一小片羊皮紙,上面寫著:“我真心地希望,我的兒子,你永遠用不著它。”
The son cursed his father's age-softened mind then threw the slipper back into the cauldron, resolving to use it henceforth as a rubbish pail.
兒子咒罵父親老糊涂了,把鞋子扔回了坩堝里,決定從此把這坩堝當(dāng)成垃圾桶。
That very night a peasant woman knocked on the front door.
就在那天夜里,一個老農(nóng)婦敲響了他的大門。
“My granddaughter is afflicted by a crop of warts, sir,” she told him.
“我孫女身上長了很多疣,先生,”老農(nóng)婦對他說。
“Your father used to mix a special poultice in that old cooking pot -”
“你父親以前會在那口舊坩堝里調(diào)制一種特殊的膏藥——”
“Begone!” cried the son. “What care I for your brat's warts?”
“走開!”兒子嚷道,“你家小孩長疣跟我有什么關(guān)系?”
And he slammed the door in the old woman's face.
他當(dāng)著老農(nóng)婦的面,把門重重地關(guān)上了。
At once there came a loud clanging and banging from his kitchen.
就在那時,他的廚房里傳出了哐啷、哐啷的響聲。
The wizard lit his wand and opened the door, and there, to his amazement, he saw his father's old cooking pot:
巫師點亮魔杖推開門,在廚房里,他驚訝地看到了父親的舊坩堝:
It had sprouted a single foot of brass and was hopping on the spot, in the middle of the floor, making a fearful noise upon the flagstones.
坩堝已經(jīng)長出一只黃銅腳,正在廚房中央的地板上跳著,跳得石板地發(fā)出了可怕的聲響。
The wizard approached it in wonder but fell back hurriedly when he saw that the whole of the pot's surface was covered in warts.
巫師驚奇地走上前去,但當(dāng)看見坩堝的表面布滿了疣,他趕緊退了回來。
“Disgusting object!” he cried, and he tried firstly to Vanish the pot, then to clean it by magic, and finally to force it out of the house.
“令人惡心的東西!”他嚷道。他先試圖用咒語讓坩堝消失,接著試圖用魔法把它弄干凈,最后又試圖把它趕出房子。
None of his spells worked, however, and he was unable to prevent the pot hopping after him out of the kitchen, and then following him up to bed, clanging and banging loudly on every wooden stair.
可是他的魔法統(tǒng)統(tǒng)不管用,坩堝跟在他身后跳出廚房,跟著他跳上樓去睡覺,在每一級木頭樓梯上發(fā)出吵鬧的聲音:哐啷、哐啷、哐啷,他完全拿它沒有辦法。
The wizard could not sleep all night for the banging of the warty old pot by his bedside, and next morning the pot insisted upon hopping after him to the breakfast table.
巫師整整一夜沒睡著覺,因為長滿肉瘤的舊坩堝在他床邊不停地吵,第二天早晨,坩堝不依不饒地跟著他跳到早餐桌旁。
Clang, clang, clang, went the brass-footed pot, and the wizard had not even started his porridge when there came another knock on the door.
哐啷、哐啷、哐啷,那只黃銅獨腳不停地跳著,巫師還沒開始喝粥,外面又有人敲門了。
An old man stood on the doorstep. “This my old donkey, sir,” he explained.
一個老頭兒站在門口。“先生,我的老驢子,”老頭兒說道。
“Lost, she is, or stolen, and without her, I cannot take my wares to market, and my family will go hungry tonight.”
“我的老驢子丟了,也可能被人偷了。沒了驢子,我就沒法把我的貨物馱到市場上去賣,今晚我們?nèi)揖鸵ゐI了。”
“And I am hungry now!” roared the wizard, and he slammed the door upon the old man.
“我現(xiàn)在還餓著呢!”巫師吼道,當(dāng)著老人的面把門重重地關(guān)上了。
Clang, clang, clang, went the cooking pot's single brass foot upon the floor, but now its clamor was mixed with the brays of a donkey and human groans of hunger, echoing from the depths of the pot.
哐啷、哐啷、哐啷,坩堝的獨腳在地板上跳著,但是現(xiàn)在它的吵鬧聲中有混雜著驢叫聲和人饑餓的呻吟聲,這些聲音是從坩堝的深處傳出來的。
“Be still. Be silent!” shrieked the wizard, but not all his magical powers could quieten the wartypot, which hopped at his heels all day, braying and groaning and clanging, no matter where he went or what he did.
“別動。安靜!”巫師尖叫道,但是不管他用什么魔法,都不能使長滿疣的坩堝安靜下來。坩堝整天跟在他的身后挑來跳去,發(fā)出驢叫聲、呻吟聲和撞擊聲,不管他去什么地方,做什么事情。
That evening there came a third knock upon the door, and there on the threshold stood a young woman sobbing as though her heart would break.
那天傍晚,門外第三次傳來敲門聲,門檻外站著一個年輕的婦人,哭得傷心欲絕。
“My baby is grievously ill,” she said. “Won't you please help us? Your father bade me come if troubled –”
“我的寶寶病得很重,”她說,“你能不能行行好幫幫我們? 你父親吩咐我有難處就過來——”
But the wizard slammed the door on her.
可是巫師當(dāng)著她的面把門重重地關(guān)上了。
And now the tormenting pot filled to the brim with salt water, and slopped tears all over the floor as it hopped, and brayed, and groaned, and sprouted more warts.
這一下,那口折磨人的坩堝里充滿了鹽水,它一邊蹦跳著把淚水潑濺在地上,一邊發(fā)出驢叫和呻吟,冒出更多的疣。
Though no more villagers came to seek help at the wizard's cottage for the rest of the week, the pot kept him informed of their many ills.
盡管在這個星期接下來的時間里,不再有村民到巫師家里來尋求幫助,但是坩堝仍然不停地把他們的病患告訴他。
Within a few days, it was not only braying and groaning and slopping and hopping and sprouting warts, it was also choking and retching, crying like a baby, whining like a dog, and spewing out bad cheese and sour milk and a plague of hungry slugs.
在短短的幾天里,它不僅發(fā)出驢叫和呻吟,一邊跳一邊拋灑淚水,冒出疣,而且又是咳嗽又是干嘔,像嬰兒一樣啼哭,像狗一樣哀號,還吐出變質(zhì)的奶酪和發(fā)酸的牛奶,以及數(shù)不清的饑餓的鼻涕蟲。
The wizard could not sleep or eat with the pot beside him, but the pot refused to leave, and he could not silence it or force it to be still.
坩堝整天跟在巫師身邊,折騰得他吃不下睡不著。可是坩堝就是不肯離開,巫師也無法使它安靜下來,或強迫它靜止不動。
At last, the wizard could bear it no more.
最后,巫師再也忍受不住了。
“Bring me all your problems, all your troubles, and your woes!” he screamed, fleeing into the night, with the pot hopping behind him along the road into the village.
“把你們所有的難處、所有的苦惱、所有的悲傷都拿給我吧!”他大喊一聲,跑進了夜色中,順著道路跑進村里,坩堝一跳一跳地也跟在他的身后,
“Come! Let me cure you, mend you and comfort you!
“來吧!讓我給你們治病,幫助你們,安慰你們吧!
I have my father's cooking pot, and I shall make you well!”
我有我父親的坩堝,我會讓你們都好起來的!”
And with the foul pot still bounding along behind him, he ran up the street, casting spells in every direction.
他在街上奔跑著,把咒語射向四面八方,那令人惡心的坩堝仍然一跳一跳地跟在他身后。
Inside one house the little girl's warts vanished as she slept;
在一座房子里,那個熟睡的小姑娘身上的疣消失了;
The lost donkey was Summoned from a distant briar patch and set down softly in its stable;
那頭丟失的驢子被魔法從遠處的荊棘地里召喚回來了,悄悄地進了牲口棚;
The sick baby was doused in dittany and woke, well and rosy.
那個病中的嬰兒,身上撒了白蘚水,健康地蘇醒了,臉蛋紅撲撲的。
At every house of sickness and sorrow, the wizard did his best, and gradually the cooking pot beside him stopped groaning and retching, and became quiet, shiny, and clean.
在每一戶有病痛和煩惱的人家,巫師都用盡全力去幫助他們,慢慢地,他身邊的坩堝不再呻吟、干嘔,而是變得安靜、清爽、锃光瓦亮的了。
The pot burped out the single slipper he had thrown into it and permitted him to fit it onto the brass foot.
坩堝打了一個嗝兒,吐出了巫師扔進去的那只拖鞋,并允許巫師把它穿在那只黃銅腳上。
Together, they set off back to the wizard's house, the pot's footstep muffled at last.
巫師和坩堝一起返回家里,坩堝的腳步聲終于變得靜悄悄了。
But from that day forward, the wizard helped the villagers like his father before him, lest the pot cast off its slipper, and begin to hop once more.
從那以后,巫師像他父親生前一樣幫助村民,生怕坩堝又脫掉鞋子,再次蹦蹦跳跳。
Albus Dumbledore on “The Wizard and the Hopping Pot”
阿不思·鄧布利多關(guān)于《巫師和跳跳鍋》的批注:
A kind old wizard decides to teach his hardhearted son a lesson by giving him a taste of the local Muggles' misery.
一位善良的老巫師,想給鐵石心腸的兒子一個教訓(xùn),讓他嘗嘗當(dāng)?shù)芈楣蟼兊目嚯y。
The young wizard's conscience awakes, and he agrees to use his magic for the benefit of his non-magical neighbors.
年輕巫師的良知覺醒了,他同意利用自己的魔法去幫助那些不會魔法的鄰居。
A simple and heart-warming fable, one might think – in which case, one would reveal oneself to be an innocent nincompoop.
讀者會認(rèn)為這是一個簡單而溫馨的寓言故事——在這種情況下,讀者會暴露自己是一個天真的傻瓜。
A pro-Muggle story showing a Muggle-loving father as superior in magic to a Muggle-hating son?
這是一個親麻瓜的故事,表明愛麻瓜的父親在魔法上比恨麻瓜的兒子高明,是不是?
It is nothing short of amazing that any copies of the original version of this tale survived the flames to which they were so often consigned.
因此,這個故事的原版書沒有一本能夠逃脫火焰而保存下來,也就毫不令人吃驚了,這樣的書是經(jīng)常會被丟進火里焚燒的。
Beedle was somewhat out of step with his times in preaching a message of brotherly love for Muggles.
彼豆宣傳對麻瓜要懷有手足之情,這跟他的時代有點格格不入。
The persecution of witches and wizards was gathering pace all over Europe in the early fifteenth century.
十五世紀(jì)早期,迫害巫師的行徑在歐洲愈演愈烈。
Many in the magical community felt, and with good reason, that offering to cast a spell on the Muggle-next-door's sickly pig was tantamount to volunteering to fetch the firewood for one's own funeral pyre.
魔法界的許多人覺得,向隔壁麻瓜鄰居的瘟豬施咒語,就等于是在主動往焚燒自己的火堆上添加柴火,這么想也是有道理的。
Note 1. It is true, of course, that genuine witches and wizards were reasonably adept at escaping the stake, block, and noose (see my comments about Lisette de Lapin in the commentary on “Babbitty Rabbity and her Cackling Stump” ) .
注釋一:這當(dāng)然是真的,那些真誠的巫女和巫師們開始熟練的逃避火刑,石塊和套索(參見“芭比蒂兔兔和饒舌樹樁”注釋里我對利塞特的兔子的評論)。
However, a number of deaths did occur: Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington (a wizard at the royal court in his lifetime, and in his death-time, ghost of Gryffindor Tower) was stripped of his wand before being locked in a dungeon and was unable to magic himself out of his execution;
然而,一些殺戮還是發(fā)生了,西敏汀的尼古拉斯爵士(生前是宮廷的御用巫師,死后是格蘭芬多塔的常駐幽靈)在關(guān)入地牢前被剝奪了魔杖,因此他無法使用魔法來讓自己免于處決。
And wizarding families were particularly prone to losing younger members, whose inability to control their own magic made them noticeable, and vulnerable, to Muggle witch-hunters.
巫師的家庭尤其容易失去年輕的家庭成員,由于他們沒有控制魔法的能力使得自己引人注目,對于麻瓜巫師狩獵者來說他們十分脆弱。
“Let the Muggles manage without us!” was the cry, as the wizards drew further and further apart from their non-magical brethren, culminating with the institution of the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy in 1689 when wizardkind voluntarily went underground.
他們的口號是:“讓麻瓜們自生自滅吧!”巫師跟他們的非魔法兄弟的距離越來越遠,最后于一六八九年頒布了《國際巫師保密法》,從此巫師界便自動轉(zhuǎn)入地下。
Children being children, however, the grotesque Hopping Pot had taken hold of their imaginations.
然而,孩子就是孩子,古怪滑稽的跳跳堝占據(jù)了他們的想象。
《詩翁彼豆故事集》故事情節(jié)與《哈利·波特》緊密相關(guān)又獨立成篇。它是《哈利·波特與死亡圣器》中霍格沃茨魔法學(xué)校校長鄧布利多留給赫敏的一本書。這本故事集由《巫師和跳跳堝》、《好運泉》、《男巫的毛心臟》、《兔子巴比蒂和她的呱呱樹樁》和《三兄弟的傳說》等5個魔法世界的童話故事組成,其中包含有幫助哈利和他的朋友們打敗伏地魔的重要線索。