中英語近義詞辨析
1. clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語動詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)， cloth指布，為不可數(shù)名詞 clothing 服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
2. family, house, home
home 家，包括住處和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成員. My family is a happy one.
3. sound, voice, noise
sound自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.
4. photo, picture, drawing
photo用照相機拍攝的照片，picture可指相片，圖片，電影片，drawing畫的畫.
5. population, people
population人口，人數(shù)，people具體的人 China has a large population.
6. road, street, path, way
road具體的公路，馬路，street街道，path小路，小徑，way道路，途徑
take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.
7. custom, habit
custom傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接to do， habit生活習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
8. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise運動，鍛煉（不可數(shù)），exercises練習(xí)（可數(shù)），practice（反復(fù)做的）練習(xí)
Practice makes perfect.
9. class, lesson
作"課"解時,兩者可以替換.指課文用lesson. 指班級或全體學(xué)生用class. Lesson 6; class 5.
10. officer, official
officer部隊的軍官，official政府官員 an army officer
11. work, job
二者均指工作。work不可數(shù)，job可數(shù) a good job
12. couple, pair
couple主要指人或動物，pair多指由兩部分組成的東西 a pair of trousers
13. country, nation, state, land
country側(cè)重指版圖，疆域，nation指人民，國民，民族，state側(cè)重指政府，政體，land國土，國家 The whole nation was sad at the news.
14. police, policeman
police警察的總稱，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞，policeman 指某個具體的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.
15. problem, question
problem常和困難連系，前面的動詞常為think about, solve, raise，question常和疑問連系，多和ask, answer連用.
16. chick, chicken
二者均可指小雞，chicken還可以當(dāng)雞肉 The chicken is delicious.
17. trip, journey, travel, voyage
travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍長的旅途，voyage指海上航行a three-day trip
18. sport, game
sport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等；game指決定勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則 His favorite sport is swimming.
19. price, prize
price價格，prize獎，獎品，獎金 win the first prize, The price is high/low.
20. a number of, the number of
a number of許多，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the number of…的數(shù)目，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The number of students is increasing.
21. in front of, in the front of
in front of范圍外的前面，in the front of范圍內(nèi)的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.
22. three of us, the three of us
three of us我們（不止三個）中的三個，the three of us我們?nèi)齻€（就三個人）The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.
23. by bus, on the bus
by bus表手段，方式，不用冠詞，on the bus表范圍 They went there by bus.
24. next year, the next year
next year將來時間狀語，the next year過去將來時間狀語
He said he would go abroad the next year.
25. in place of, in the place of
in place of代替，in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.
26. a girl, one girl
a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一個女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?
27. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher
the doctor and teacher指一個人，既是醫(yī)生又是老師，the doctor and the teacher兩個人，一個醫(yī)生和一個老師 the doctor and teacher is
28. in bed, on the bed
in bed臥在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.
29. in charge of, in the charge of
in charge of管理，負(fù)責(zé)照料， in the charge of由……照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.
30. in class, in the class
in class在課上，in the class在班級里 He is the best student in the class.
31. a second, the second
a second又一，再一，the second第…… He won the second prize.
32. it, one
it同一物體，one同類不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.
33. that, this
that指代上文所提到的，this導(dǎo)出下文所要說的 I was ill. That's why…
34. none, nothing, no one
none強調(diào)有多少，nothing, no one強調(diào)有沒有，nothing指物，no one指人
--- How many…/How much…? --- None.
35. anyone, any one
anyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you
36. who, what
who指姓名或關(guān)系，what指職業(yè)或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher
37. what, which
what的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無限制的，which在一定范圍內(nèi)進行選擇
Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?
38. other, another
other后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，another后接名詞單數(shù) other students, another student
39. many, much, a lot of
many和可數(shù)名詞連用，much和不可數(shù)名詞連用，a lot of可數(shù)，不可數(shù)均可，但不用于否定句 I haven't many books.
40. much more…than, many more…than
much more…than后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞，many more…than后接可數(shù)名詞 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful
41. no, not
no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water
42. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself
by oneself單獨的，獨自的，for oneself為自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，
自動的 The door opened of itself.
43. at all, after all
at all根本，全然, after all到底，畢竟 After all he is a child.
44. tall, high
tall常指人或動物，high常指物體 He is tall.
45. fast, quickly
fast側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運動速度快的特點，quickly側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly
46. healthy, healthful
healthy健康的，健壯的，healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise
47. sleeping, asleep, sleepy
sleeping正在睡覺，asleep睡著，熟睡，只能做表語，sleepy困的，有睡意的
a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.
48. just, very
just表強調(diào)時是副詞，作狀語，very表強調(diào)時是形容詞，用作定語 the very man, just the man
49. real, true
real真的，真實的，指的是事實上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事實和實際情況相符合 real gold, a true story
50. pleasant, pleased, pleasing
pleasant常用作定語，pleased, pleasing常用作表語，pleased主語常為人，
pleasing主語常為物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.
51. ill, sick
ill做表語，sick定，表均可 a sick boy
52. good, well
good形容詞，well副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞 He is well again.
53. quiet, silent, still
quiet安靜的，可以發(fā)出小的聲音，silent不發(fā)出聲音，但可以動，still完全不動，完全無聲響 He stand there still. 他站在那兒，一動不動，也不說話。
54. hard, hardly
hard努力，hardly幾乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.
55. almost, nearly
二者均為"幾乎,差不多" 和否定詞連用用almost almost nobody
56. late, lately
late遲，晚，lately最近，近來 I haven't seen him lately.
57. living, alive, live, lively
living, alive, live均為活著的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定語后置，live只能做定語，lively意為活波的 all the living people=all the people alive
58. excited, exciting
excited使人興奮的，exciting令人興奮的 I'm excited. The news i*citing.
59. aloud, loud
aloud出聲地，loud大聲地 read aloud(出聲地讀)
60. worth, worthy
二者均為值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done
It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.
61. bad, badly
bad形容詞，badly副詞，不好，但與need, want, require連用為"很，非常" go bad
I need the book badly.
62. before long, long before
before long不久以后，long before很久以前 not long before = before long
63. quite, rather
quite完全地，相當(dāng)于completely, rather修飾比較級 quite impossible
64. happy, glad
happy高興，幸福，定表均可，glad高興，只能做表語 a happy girl
65. instead, instead of
instead是副詞，放在句首或句末，instead of是介詞短語，放在句中
He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.
66. too much, much too
too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞，much too后接形容詞 much too heavy
67. raise, rise
raise及物動詞，rise不及物動詞 The sun rises in the east.
68. bring, take, carry, fetch
bring拿來，take帶走，carry隨身攜帶，fetch去回這一往返動作 fetch a box of chalk
69. spend, take, pay, cost
spend人做主語，花錢，花時間; spend…on sth./in doing sth; take物做主語，花時間;
pay人做主語，花錢，pay for; cost物做主語，花錢
70. join, join in, take part in
join加入某個組織，并成為其中的一員；join in參加小型的活動, join sb. in；
take part in 參加大型的活動 He joined the army five years ago.
71. learn, study
learn學(xué)習(xí)，側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，study學(xué)習(xí)，側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的過程，研究
study the problem
72. want, hope, wish
want打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望（通常可以實現(xiàn)），hope to do/ hope that… wish希望（通常不能實現(xiàn)）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.
73. discover, invent, find out
discover發(fā)現(xiàn)本來存在但不為人所知的東西，invent發(fā)明本來不存在的物體，
find out發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明 At last he found out the truth.
74. answer, reply
answer及物動詞，reply不及物動詞，后接 to reply to the letter
75. leave, leave for
leave離開，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.
76. rob, steal
rob搶劫 rob sb. of sth.，steal偷 steal sth. from sb.
77. shoot, shoot at
shootshoot at瞄準(zhǔn)，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died.
78. drop, fall
drop及物不及物均可，fall不及物動詞 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.
79. search, search for
search后接地點，search for后接?xùn)|西 He searched his pocket for money.
80. used to, be used to
used to過去常常，be used to習(xí)慣于，后接sth./doing sth.；被用來，后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early.
81. win, lose, beat
win后接sth.，反義詞為lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them
82. live on, live by
live on以…為主食，live by靠…謀生 live on fish/ live by fishing
83. beat, hit, strike
beat連續(xù)性地?fù)舸颍籬it打中，對準(zhǔn)打；strike打一下或若干下 beat the wings
84. lose, miss
lose失去（具體的物體），錯過 sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 想念，錯過sth. is missing,
miss the chance
85. care about, care for
care about關(guān)心，計較，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for關(guān)心，照料，喜歡，愿意
He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.
86. catch a cold, have a cold
catch a cold不能和表示"一段時間"的狀語連用，而have a cold可以
She has had a cold for a week.
87. continue, last
二者均為持續(xù)，continue主動，被動均可，last只能用主動 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.
88. feed, raise
feed喂養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活，飼養(yǎng) (to give food to)， raise飼養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育 (cause to grow, bring up children)
raise the family
89. go for a doctor, go to a doctor
go for a doctor去請醫(yī)生，go to a doctor去看病
90. notice, observe, catch sight of
notice注意到，observe觀察，仔細(xì)地看，catch sight of突然看到 observe the stars
91. look, seem, appear
look指從外表上看，seem指內(nèi)心的判斷，appear指給人以表面的印象 appear wise,
look like his father
92. gather, collect
gather把分散的東西集中到一起， collect指精心地、有選擇地進行收集 collect stamps
93. die from, die of
die from表示死于（槍）傷，虛弱，過度勞累，飲食過度等，die of表示死于疾病，饑餓，
寒冷，年老，憂愁，失戀等精神因素 die of hunger and cold
94. divide, separate
divide把一個整體分成幾部分，separate把連在一起的個體分開
divide the apple, separate the houses
95. arrive, get, reach
arrive不及物動詞，后接in (大地點)，at(小地點)，get不及物動詞后接to，reach及物動詞arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing
96. grow, plant
grow使某種植物在某地生長著或使其發(fā)展下去，plant移植，移栽已經(jīng)長成秧苗的植物
plant the trees, trees are growing
97. manage, try
manage to do設(shè)法做成了某事，try to do盡力去做某事但不一定成功
He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.
98. build, put up, set up, found
build一般用語，建成，put up臨時搭建，set up建成（內(nèi)部的設(shè)施基本齊全），
found國家或組織的建成 put up a tent, set up a school
99. be familiar to, be familiar with
be familiar to某物對某人來說是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物
The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book.
100. agree with, agree to, agree on
agree with同意某人，agree to同意某事，agree on在…上達成一致意見，主語是復(fù)數(shù) agree with you, agree to the plan
101. throw to, throw at
throw to扔到…, throw at朝…扔 He throw a stone at me.
102. receive, accept
receive收到某一東西，但不一定接受，accept接受 I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.
103. wear, put on, dress
wear和dress表狀態(tài),wear接衣服等,可用進行時，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表動作
It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.
104. listen, hear
listen強調(diào)動作，hear強調(diào)結(jié)果 I listened, but I heard nothing.
105. look, see, watch
look看的動作，see看的結(jié)果，watch強調(diào)所看物體的變化、移動和發(fā)展watch TV
106. lie, lay
lie躺，位于(lay, lain),說謊(lied, lied)，lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book
107. hurt, injure, wound
hurt感情上受傷，injure事故中受傷，wound戰(zhàn)爭中受傷 He was wounded in the war.
108. turn, get, grow
turn表突變，后常接表顏色的詞，get強調(diào)變的結(jié)果，grow強調(diào)過程，逐漸的變化
turn yellow, get tired, grow big
開學(xué)第54天: 通知代課提前調(diào) 計劃安排準(zhǔn)備好
2021-10-24Sunday周日Sunny晴Idealism increases in direct proportion to one's distance from the problem.—John Galsworthy一個人離問題愈遠(yuǎn)就愈理想主義。約翰·高爾斯華綏
John Galsworthy is an English novelist and playwright whose works are mostly concerned with social class systems and other issues. His trilogy The Forsyte Saga won the 1932 Nobel Prize for Literature.約翰?高爾斯華綏是英國小說家、劇作家，作品大多涉及社會的階級系統(tǒng)和其它問題，其《福爾賽世家》三部曲獲得1932年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。詞匯注釋：Idealism [a??di:?l?z?m] n. 理想主義；唯心主義，唯心論；increases [?n?kri:s?z] v. 增長，增強，增大； n. 增長；增長量。direct [d??rekt] adj. 徑直的，筆直的；坦率的；直射的；直接的；v. 把……對準(zhǔn)；管理，指導(dǎo)；給……指路；指引，引導(dǎo)。proportion [pr??p?:r?n] n. 比例，占比；部分；面積；均衡。distance [?d?st?ns] n. 距離；距離；遠(yuǎn)處；疏遠(yuǎn)，隔閡。problem [?prɑ:bl?m] n.問題，難題，困難；疾病。今天本不打算來學(xué)校的，考慮到王佩玥同學(xué)生病，就過來看一下。見班主任王美蓮老師在教室里，就沒有打擾。待回到辦公室忙一會再過去，看到高老師發(fā)來信息，說已經(jīng)帶去醫(yī)院掛水了。課間去了幾次都還沒回來，放學(xué)午餐的時候，說已經(jīng)返回校園了。去食堂應(yīng)該能看到，去了解一下情況，告知其父母，免得掛念。
Welcome to the unit：1. I don’t know what “home” is, but unhappiness and worries melt away once there. —Bing Xin“家”是什么，我不知道；但煩悶和憂愁，都在此中融化消滅。—冰心。melt (使)熔化，融化;(使)軟化，變得溫柔。2. Parents often give their children unconditional love. 3.Morning and night, Mother Bird is there Until her baby’s old enough to leave the nest.【單詞】nest /nest/ n. 鳥窩；巢穴，安樂窩；v.筑巢。4.Mother Bird, with all her love and care, Longs to provide her baby with the best. long to do sth. 渴望做某事。Does every dinner with your parents seem to turn into a battle? Have you once warm and open conversations become cold and guarded? Do you feel that you just can not see eye to eye with them on anything? You are not alone. Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.從該段中了解：a battle against/for sth；battle with/against sb. for sth為某事而與某人爭斗。（2020江蘇卷）It is not a problem (whether) we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time. 我們能否贏得這場戰(zhàn)斗不是問題；這只是時間問題。（2021浙江卷）However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed. 然而，成為一名全職的成功演員仍然是一場艱苦的戰(zhàn)斗，又過了8年他才獲得了一些電影角色，引起人們的關(guān)注。課文原句：Do you feel that you just cannot see eye to eye with them on anything?你覺得你和他們在任何事情上都無法達成一致嗎? see eye to eye with sb on sth（在某事上）與某人看法一致：It is so good that you see eye to eye with me on this problem.你在這個問題上與我意見一致，真是太好了。 Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents. 課文原句：Recently we have argued with each other a great deal. 最近我們互相爭論了很多次。argue /?ɑ:ɡju:/ vi. argue with sb. over/about sthg.和某人爭論某事；argue for/against (doing) sthg.支持/反對某事：argument n. 論證；論據(jù)；爭吵；內(nèi)容提要；自變數(shù)；arguments n.參數(shù);argumentation n.論證；爭論；辯論。argumentative adj. 好辯的；辯論的；爭辯的。argumentive adj. 爭論的；好辯的。He argued that they needed more time to finish the project.他爭辯說他們需要更多的時間來完成這個項目。They had an argument over who had the strength to lift the stone.他們?yōu)檎l有力氣搬起這塊石頭而爭論。Most of the members argue for his plan，which made him satisfied.大多數(shù)成員支持他的計劃，這讓他很滿意。They strongly argue against going there next Sunday.他們強烈反對下周日去那里。Para 2：Teenager’s physical changes may result in such family tensions. You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height and getting left far behind. You might worry about your changing voice, weight problems or spots. When it all gets too much, you parents are often the first targets of the anger. 青少年的身體變化可能導(dǎo)致家庭關(guān)系緊張。你可能會感到焦慮，因為你的發(fā)育速度與你的朋友不同，你的身高飆升，卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落在后面。你可能會擔(dān)心你的聲音變化，體重問題或斑點。當(dāng)事情變得太多時，你的父母往往是憤怒的第一個目標(biāo)。 international / racial / political tensions國際/種族/政治緊張局勢；ease the tension緩和緊張狀況；緩和緊張局勢。There is often a tension between the aims of the company and the wishes of the employees. Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to relieve tension and stress.公司的目標(biāo)和員工的愿望之間經(jīng)常存在矛盾。 微笑和大笑實際上已經(jīng)被證明可以緩解緊張和壓力。tense adj. 緊張的；拉緊的; vt. 變得緊張；使拉緊; vi. 拉緊，變得緊張; n.時態(tài)。The massage relaxed my tense back muscles.按摩使我緊張的背部肌肉放松了。He sounded tense and angry.他聽起來又緊張又生氣。The atmosphere was getting tense.氣氛變得緊張起來。課文原句：You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind. 你可能會感到焦慮，因為你的發(fā)育速度與你的朋友不同，你可能會身高飆升，或者被遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)甩在后面。be anxious about sth. 憂慮；擔(dān)心（某事）；be anxious for sb憂慮；擔(dān)心（某人）；be anxious for sth渴望某物；be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事。anxiety /???za??ti/ n. Parents are anxious for their children. 父母為兒女擔(dān)心。She was anxious to finish school and get a job. 她渴望畢業(yè)找一份工作。If you're worried about your grades, share your anxiety（anxious）with your teachers.如果你擔(dān)心你的成績，和你的老師分享你的焦慮。Everybody is waiting anxiously（anxious）for the pop star.每個人都在焦急地等待這位流行歌星。He seemed anxious for the coming College Entrance Examination.他似乎對接下來的高考憂心忡忡。She was anxious to finish school and get a job.她渴望畢業(yè)找一份工作。She was anxious that they should have all they wanted.她希望他們得到所有想要的東西。The parents of those two children were waiting anxiously outside the hall.那兩個孩子的家長在大廳外焦急地等待著。rate n. 比率，率；速度；價格；等級; vt. 認(rèn)為；估價；責(zé)罵; vi. 責(zé)罵；被評價。at the rate of以…的速度；unemployment rate失業(yè)率；birth / death rate 出生率/死亡率；at any rate無論如何。The university is highly rated for its research.這所大學(xué)因研究工作而受到高度評價。The show was rated as a success by critics and audiences.評論家和觀眾都認(rèn)為這次演出是成功的。The schools were rated according to their exam results.這些學(xué)習(xí)是按考試成績排名次的。Local businesses are closing at a/the rate of three a year.地方企業(yè)正在以每年三家的速度關(guān)閉。shoot v.（使朝某方向）沖，奔；射擊；射殺；攝影；n.幼苗;嫩芽;新枝;拍攝;攝影。A hunter shot a bird.獵人射中了一只鳥。A hunter is shooting at a bird.一個獵人正在向一只鳥射擊。He shot at the bird with his gun but he didn't shoot it.他用槍向那只鳥射擊，但沒有打中。注意：shoot at 強調(diào)瞄準(zhǔn)的物體和方位，強調(diào)動作；shoot 僅表示開槍射擊,不表示方位，強調(diào)結(jié)果。Bamboo shoots grow from around the roots.竹筍是從根部周圍長出來的。The movie was shot entirely on location in Italy.這部電影完全是在意大利的外景拍攝的。The police had orders to shoot anyone who attacked them.警察接到命令要射殺任何襲擊他們的人。Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.接著杰夫注意到蒸汽從鍋里噴出來，壺蓋開始搖晃。shoot up：The market value of the property shot up.這處房產(chǎn)的市場價值急劇上升。I can’t believe this is Joshua — he has shot up since we last saw him.我真不敢相信這是約書亞——自從我們上次見到他以來，他的個頭猛躥。Flames were shooting up through the roof.火焰從屋頂竄了出來。課文原句：You might worry about your changing voice, weight problems or spots.變聲、體重問題或粉刺可能都會讓你憂心忡忡。a tourist spot 旅游景點；a spot of 少許；一點；少量；on the spot當(dāng)場；現(xiàn)場；在原地；put sb. on the spot（提出難題）使某人尷尬，使某人為難；v. 發(fā)現(xiàn)；看出；注意到：I finally spotted my friend in the crowd. 我終于在人群中認(rèn)出了我的朋友。I've just spotted a mistake on the front cover. 我剛發(fā)現(xiàn)封面上有個錯誤。課文原句：When it all gets too much, your parents are often the first targets of your anger. 當(dāng)這一切讓你不堪重負(fù)時，父母通常會首當(dāng)其沖，成為你發(fā)火的對象。target n.（攻擊的）目標(biāo)，對象；靶子;vt. 把…作為攻擊目標(biāo)；面向。sales target 銷售目標(biāo)；target audience目標(biāo)受眾，目標(biāo)觀眾；目標(biāo)客戶；target customers目標(biāo)客戶，目標(biāo)顧客；hit the target射中靶子；達到目的；to meet/achieve a target 完成╱達到目標(biāo)；be targeted at…目標(biāo)是。Set yourself targets that you are expected to achieve.給自己制訂有望達到的指標(biāo)。The campaign is clearly targeted at the young. 這個宣傳計劃顯然是針對青年人的。anger n. 怒氣，怒火；in / with anger 生氣地。angry adj. angrily adv. be angry at / with sb. about / over / for sth 對……生氣：The question clearly angered him.這個問題顯然激怒了他。Please don't be angry with me. It wasn't my fault.請不要生我的氣。那不是我的錯。He struck the table angrily.他生氣地敲打著桌子。He sometimes angers with little things.他有時為小事發(fā)火。He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated.他對自己受到的待遇感到非常憤怒。同時還讓我聯(lián)想到上外鄭新民教授的所歸納的一些有趣構(gòu)詞法：Hangry=hungry+angry。人是一種很奇怪的動物，要是餓了，再加上受氣，就會惡從膽邊生，此時我們就可以用"hangry"來形容這種狀態(tài)，即"又餓又氣"!將兩個詞混合或各取一部分緊縮而成一個新詞。這種構(gòu)詞法就叫做混合法（Blending）。其實，大家應(yīng)該對這種構(gòu)詞法不太陌生。平常，我們經(jīng)常會遇到下面這些詞：brunch=breakfast+lunch早午餐；motel=motor+hotel汽車旅館；smog=smoke+fog煙霧；當(dāng)然，以上是一些常見的混合詞，下面的混合詞也是可以學(xué)一學(xué)的：Chinglish =Chinese+English中式英語；Eurocrat=European+Union+bureaucrat 歐共體官員；Motown = motor+ town汽車城；Carjack = car+hijack 搶劫汽車；Travelogue =travel + catalogue 旅行見聞演講；Oxbridge = Oxford+Cambridge 牛津和劍橋；Snazzy =snappy and jazz 時髦的；Chocoholic =chocolate+alcoholic 嗜食巧克力者；Vegeburger =vegetable+burger 素食漢堡；Camcorder =camera+recorder 便攜式攝像機；Scrummy =scrumptious+yummy 美味的，絕好的；Britpop =British+pop 英倫搖滾；Aerobatics =aerobat+tricks 特技飛行；Docudrama documentary+drama 文獻片；Biopic =biographical+ motion +picture傳記電影；Podcast = pod (as in Apple’s ipod + broadcast 播客；Netiquette =network+etiquette 網(wǎng)絡(luò)禮節(jié)；Petextrian=pedestrian+text行走短信族。
課文原句：It can be a headache to balance your developing mental needs too. You enter into a strange middle ground—no longer a small child but quite an adult. You have both a new desire or independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support. You feel ready to be more responsible and make decisions on your own. Unfortunately, your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy. “Why can’t they just let me go?” you may wonder. On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient —— sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. It can be difficult when your parents treat you like a child but expect you act like an adult. All of this can lead to a breakdown in your relationship. mental /?mentl/ adj. 思想的，精神的,智力的mental health心理健康；mental state精神狀態(tài)；mental illness / disease / disorder精神疾病/失調(diào)；mental stress / pressure精神壓力。mentally adv. 反義詞：physical adj. 物理的；身體的；physically adv. 身體上地；根本上。adult n. 成年人；adj. 成年的；成熟的。grown-up n. 成年人；成熟的；adulthood n.成年；成人時期。Children are admitted only if accompanied by an adult.兒童只有在成人陪同下才能入內(nèi)。desire n. 欲望；要求，心愿；vt. 想要；要求；希望得到…; vi. 渴望。have a desire for / to do sth = desire sth渴望做某事：I had a strong desire to help and care for people. 我有強烈的愿望去幫助和關(guān)心別人。We all desire health and happiness. 我們都渴望健康和幸福。The medicine did not achieve the desired effect.這藥沒有達到預(yù)期的效果。He had a strong desire for her love. 他強烈渴望得到她的愛。He expressed a desire that their relationship (should) be made public. 他表達了公開他們關(guān)系的愿望。But she desired him to leave her alone. 但她希望他不要來打擾她。struggle v.奮斗；艱難地行進；斗爭；搏斗；爭奪；掙扎成名; n. 斗爭；沖突；使勁；奮斗；難事。struggle for..爭取……；struggle with / against sb. for...為……與某人斗爭；a country struggling for independence為獨立而斗爭的國家；a struggle for independence為獨立而斗爭。It was a struggle for her to make him understand.她費了好大勁才使他理解。It is a struggle / challenge for me to stay up.熬夜對我來說是一種挑戰(zhàn)。 struggling adj.奮斗的；努力的；苦斗的。Her hands are rough from hard work, but roughly peaking, she is a beauty. 她的手因勞動而粗糙，但大致說來，她是個美人。breakdown n. 故障；崩潰；分解；分類；衰弱；跺腳曳步舞。a breakdown recovery service車輛搶修服務(wù)；the breakdown of a marriage 婚姻破裂；a breakdown in communications 通訊中斷。 ①（機器等）出故障；（身體等）垮掉；（情感等）失控：On my way to the station my car broke down.在去車站的路上，我的車拋錨了。② (談判等）失敗：Talks between the two sides have broken down. 雙方的談判破裂了。③把……成若干部分（以方便做或理解）：Each lesson is broken down into several units.每節(jié)課分成幾個單元。④打破；消除：A smile can break down barriers. 微笑可以打破障礙。⑤使分解：Decomposers break down dead animal and vegetable matter into nutrients.分解物把死去的動植物分解成營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。
Paragraph 4: Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation. The key to keeping the peace is regular and honest communication. When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view.盡管有時家庭和睦似乎是不可能的，但你可以采取行動來改善情況。保持和平的關(guān)鍵是定期誠實的溝通。當(dāng)你不同意父母的意見時，花一分鐘冷靜下來，嘗試從他們的角度理解狀況。Perhaps they have experienced something similar and do not want you to go through the same pain. After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully, and address their concerns. Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.也許他們也經(jīng)歷過類似的事情，不希望你經(jīng)歷同樣的痛苦。考慮周全后，你要心平氣和地向他們解釋你的行為和感受，仔細(xì)傾聽，并打消他們的顧慮。 通過這種良性的討論，你將學(xué)會何時應(yīng)該做出讓步，何時可以要求你的父母放松對你的掌控。regular adj. 定期的；有規(guī)律的；合格的；整齊的；普通的; n. 常客；正式隊員；中堅分子; adv. 定...；regularly adv. 定期地；有規(guī)律地；整齊地；勻稱地；regularity n. 規(guī)則性；整齊；正規(guī)；勻稱；regularization n. 規(guī)則化；調(diào)整；合法化；regularize vt. 調(diào)整；使有秩序；使合法化。regular breathing / heartbeat / pulse呼吸/心跳/脈搏正常；regular meetings / visits定期會見/拜訪；a regular customer / visitor 老客戶/訪客；on a regular basis定期地；經(jīng)常地：The equipment is checked on a regular basis.設(shè)備定期進行檢查。irregular adj. 不整齊的；不規(guī)則的；不正常的；非正規(guī)的；不按時的；便秘的（委婉語）；regulation n. 管理；規(guī)則；校準(zhǔn); adj. 規(guī)定的；平常的。calm adj. 鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的；平靜的，穩(wěn)定的；風(fēng)平浪靜的；n.（精神或情感狀態(tài)的）鎮(zhèn)靜，平和；寧靜，安靜；v. 使平靜，使鎮(zhèn)靜；冷靜下來，鎮(zhèn)靜下來；恢復(fù)平靜，恢復(fù)正常。This young boy took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.這個小男孩深吸了幾口氣，使自己平靜下來。In this way, he can keep calm in an emergency.這樣，他才能在緊急情況下保持鎮(zhèn)靜。His calmness is one of his best characters. 他的冷靜是他最好的性格之一。as cool as a cucumber鎮(zhèn)定自若。view n. 觀察；視野；意見；風(fēng)景; vt. 觀察；考慮；查看to have conflicting / opposing views 有矛盾的╱相反的觀點；in one’s view / opinion 在某人看來；in view 在視野范圍內(nèi)；看得見；被考慮；in view of鑒于；考慮到；由于；view sb. / sth. as sth. 把…視為；以…看待。viewer n. 觀眾；She is viewed as (被視為) the best friend of mine. In my view (在我看來), I should help her when she is in trouble though sometimes she is unkind to me. 當(dāng)她有困難的時候，我應(yīng)該幫助她，盡管有時她對我不好。Anyway, in view of (鑒于) our relationship, I think it’s wise for me to give her a hand. 無論如何,鑒于我們的關(guān)系,我認(rèn)為幫她一把是明智的。concern vt. 影響，牽扯（某人）；關(guān)系到，涉及；使擔(dān)心；n. 擔(dān)心，憂慮；關(guān)愛，關(guān)心；關(guān)心的事，負(fù)責(zé)的事；關(guān)系；公司，企業(yè)；（非正式）復(fù)雜的物體；concerned adj.相關(guān)的，關(guān)于（某個主題）的；擔(dān)心的，焦急的；關(guān)注的，感興趣的；關(guān)心的，掛念的；concerning prep.關(guān)于，涉及；adj. 讓人不安的，令人擔(dān)憂的。The president is deeply concerned about the outbreak of the Coronavirus.總統(tǒng)對冠狀病毒的爆發(fā)深感擔(dān)憂。hat concerns me is that we are not well-prepared for the coming examination.我擔(dān)心的是我們對即將到來的考試沒有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。All cases concerning children are dealt with in a special children’s court.所有有關(guān)兒童的案件都由專門的兒童法庭審理。There is a growing concern about the pollution of plastic bags.人們越來越擔(dān)心塑料袋的污染。As far as I am concerned, he is a singer with great potential.在我看來，他是一個很有潛力的歌手。back down放棄；讓步：She refused to back down on a point of principle.她拒絕在原則問題上讓步。
Paragraph 5: Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent-child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. The good news is that this stormy period will not last.Everything will turn out all right in the end, and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood.只要記住，親子關(guān)系緊張會產(chǎn)生壓力，由此帶來的困擾再正常不過，而你和父母可以齊心協(xié)力，改善你們的關(guān)系。 好消息是這場“暴風(fēng)驟雨”不會持續(xù)太久。到最后，一切都會好轉(zhuǎn)。而你在青少年時期經(jīng)歷的變化和挑戰(zhàn)會讓你為成年時光做好準(zhǔn)備。normal adj. 正常的；正規(guī)的；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的; n. 正常；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；常態(tài)。normal university師范大學(xué)；normal temperature正常溫度；normal pressure正常壓力；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣壓；normal phenomenon正常現(xiàn)象；return to normal恢復(fù)正常；normally adv. 正常地；通常地。abnormal adj. 反常的，異常的，變態(tài)的；不規(guī)則的。The security guard is testing temperature using a forehead thermometer (額溫槍) to make sure that everyone’s temperature is normal.保安使用額溫槍)測試溫度，以確保每個人的溫度是正常的。Under / In normal circumstances, our temperature is normal. 在正常情況下，我們的體溫是正常的。Sometimes, after vigorous exercises, it may be higher than usual. What we can do is wait for it to return to normal.有時，在劇烈運動后，血壓可能會比平時高。 我們能做的就是等它恢復(fù)正常。under stress在受力時；在壓力之下；lay / place stress / emphasis on 強調(diào)；stress-related illnesses與壓力相關(guān)的疾病；emotional / mental stress精神壓力。China’s leaders have stressed the need for increased co-operation between Third World countries.中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人強調(diào)了第三世界國家之間加強合作的必要性。Under the heavy stress of completing the task, I started going bald (禿頂?shù)? at a young age. 完成任務(wù)的沉重壓力下,我在年輕的時候開始禿頂。My mother places great stress on eating black sesame (黑芝麻). 媽媽特別強調(diào)吃黑芝麻。She also stresses that I should form good living habits.她還強調(diào)我應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成良好的生活習(xí)慣。edit (edited, editing) vt. 剪輯, 編輯, 校訂；editor：n. 編輯, 編者；edition n. 版, 版本。e.g. edit the newspaper編輯報紙；the latest edition of the dictionary 這本詞典的最新版本。skin n n. 皮，皮膚；獸皮，皮毛；（水果或蔬菜的）外皮；香腸衣；（液體表面凝結(jié)的）薄皮，薄層；（建筑物、飛機等的）外殼；v.剝皮，削皮；擦破（身體某部位）；（傷口）長出新皮；vi. 愈合；長皮。design vt.設(shè)計, 構(gòu)思。be designed for … 為…而設(shè)計的：e.g. They wanted to design a machine that was both attractive and practical.他們想設(shè)計一臺既美觀又實用的機器。The gloves were designed for extremely cold climates.這些手套是為極端寒冷的氣候設(shè)計的。n. 設(shè)計, 圖樣, 方案, 企圖。by design故意地，有意地 = on purpose = deliberately = willfully = designedly = knowingly：I don't know whether they did it by accident or by design.我不知道他們這樣做是偶然的還是故意的。