增長見聞，留下美好。
親愛的您，
這里是學苑！
今天小編為大家帶來知識打卡（一百）
歡迎您的用心訪問！
本期推文閱讀時長大約8分鐘，請您耐心閱讀。
Share , ,
, and leave .
Dear you,
this is the !
Today, the you punch cards (100)
your visit!
This tweet takes about to read. be and read.
內容提要
今天我們繼續閱讀英文期刊文獻《 and a multi? ?loop chain for , , and 》品管圈目標設定圖表，中文翻譯可理解為《關于產品定價、保修期和質量管理的多周期閉環供應鏈模型與優化》，上期我們將學習了目標函數1，今天將繼續學習目標函數的剩余部分。
Today we our of the and a multi- -loop chain for , , and . In the last issue we will learn the 1, and today we will to learn the part of the .
本期內容將從思維導圖、精讀內容和知識補充三部分展開。
In this issue, we will start with three parts: mind map, and .
思維導圖
精讀內容
【庫存持有成本】
文章指出庫存持有成本是供應鏈的主要成本之一，是不可以忽略的關鍵因素。文章強調不允許出現短缺情況，即企業需要在任何周期內均滿足消費者所有的新產品或維修產品的需求。
因此確定適當的庫存控制政策對供應鏈的適當管理起著重要作用品管圈目標設定圖表， 文章模型中的庫存程序如下圖圖所示。
圖的縱坐標為庫存水平，橫坐標為時間。可以看到在每一階段，隨著時間的增加，庫存水平也在上升；在滿足消費需求之后，會有部分產品剩余，依舊放在倉庫中，產生庫存成本。
The costs as one of the major costs of the chain and a key that be . The that are not , i.e., need to meet all for new or in any cycle.
, the plays an role in the of the chain, and the in the 's model is shown in the below.
The of the graph is the level and the is the time. It can be seen that at each stage, as time , the level rises; after the is met, there will be some left over and in the , costs.
下面來看文章關于庫存成本的具體模型構建。首先，
方程（8）顯示了t-1期末的庫存水平與t期初的庫存水平相等，這里是可以從庫存成本結構圖中可以直接看出來的。
See the below for a model on costs. First.
(8) shows that the level at the end of t-1 is equal to the level at the of t. Here is what can be seen from the cost .
從公式（9）中，我們又可以得到t期結束時的庫存數量。整個公式結合庫存結構圖來看，就是1階段的剩余庫存、t期末的需求量以及維修數量之和減去市場實際的需求。
From (9), we again get the in stock at the end of t. The whole , when in with the , is the sum of the in 1, the at the end of t, and the of minus the in the .
下面計算庫存成本，其中Tt是生產Qt產品所花費的時間，等于Qt/ pr，其中pr是生產速度。
The the cost, where Tt is the time taken to Qt and is equal to Qt/ pr, where pr is the rate.
庫存成本計算完成之后，接著確定了銷售新產品和維修產品中獲得的總收入。
Once the was , the total from the sale of new and was then .
收入與成本計算完成后，最后提出了目標函數，即 最大化的CLSC模型的總利潤如下。（收入減成本）
After the and cost are , the is . The total of the CLSC model is as . ( minus cost)
知識補充
庫存持有成本，則是指與企業產品庫存相關的成本，包括庫存投資資金成本、庫存服務成本、倉儲空間成本、庫存風險成本等在內的相關成本。
庫存會影響企業貨物的周轉率，以及是否能夠快速響應消費者的需求。
在常規情況下，企業一般會考慮到經濟訂貨批量，從經濟的觀點出發，在考慮庫存的情況下，選擇訂貨批量，使庫存成本和訂貨成本合計最低。
costs, on the other hand, are the costs with a 's , costs, costs, space costs, risk costs, and other costs.
the rate of a 's goods and its to to .
Under , the order lot, and from an point of view, an order lot that the cost of and order cost while into .