. excuse pardon forgive
1. excuse [ iks5kju:z ] vt. 原諒, 為...免去 n. 饒恕, 理由, 借口 excuse me（打斷對方，引起對方注意）I won’t listen to any excuse for your absence. 我不想聽你缺席的借口。
2. pardon [ 5pB:dn ] vt. 原諒, 寬恕 beg one’s pardon， 請再說一下。Pardon? I didn’t catch what you said just now. 對不起，我沒聽懂你剛才說的話。
3. forgive [ fE5^iv ] vt. 原諒, 饒恕（錯誤，過失） I won’t forgive him if he doesn’t apologize today.如果他今天不道歉，我不會原諒他。
2. exercise drill practice routine custom accustomed customs costumer habit
記憶：
1. exercise [ 5eksEsaiz ] n.練習, 習題, 鍛煉, 演習 n. 訓練, 鍛煉 vt. 行使 In order to obtain the skill, we need plenty of exercises.要學到技能，我們需要大量的練習。
2. drill [ dril ] n. 鉆子, 軍事訓練, 操練, (反復)練習 v. 訓練, 鉆孔 Can you drill the drill with another drill?你用另一把鉆子鉆這把鉆子嗎？
3. practice [ 5prAktis ] n. 實踐, 慣例, 練習, 實習 As is often said, practice makes perfect. 正如大家經常說的那樣，熟能生巧。
4. routine [ ru:5ti:n ] n. 例行公事, 常規, 日常事務 Don’t be annoyed. It’s nothing but routine. 別生氣，這只是例行公事。
5. custom [ 5kQstEm ] n. 習慣, 風俗 Follow the custom of the local people.入鄉隨俗。
6. accustomed [E5kQstEmd] (to) adj. 習慣于 We are not accustomed to the weather there.我們不習慣這里的天氣。
7. customs n. 海關 The officers in the customs will check there is nothing against law in your package.海關官員會檢查很行李中是否有違法的東西。
8. costumer [`kCstjU:mE(r), kC`stjU:-] cost, 花錢， costumer, 花錢的人，n. 顧客 Few costumers go there a second time. 很少有顧客再次到那兒去。
9. habit [ 5hAbit ] n.習慣, 習性 How can I get out the habit of making some sounds while reading? 我怎樣才能擺脫看書時發出聲音的習慣？格言：Old habits die hard.積習難改。
10. hobby [ 5hCbi ] n. 業余愛好 No hobby, no joy.沒有愛好就沒有快樂。
另類閱讀：
Doing exercises is our practice in school. Sometimes we take part in military drills. Sometimes we go to the village whose customs can help us get rid of some bad habits.
輕松一刻：
Passer-by: Why do you beg?
Beggar: Because I need money to buy wine.
Passer-by: Then why do you drink?
Beggar: Because drink gives me courage to beg.
3. explain plain plan explanation complain complaint
記憶：
1. 詞根plain [ plein ] 含義為“平，明白”，explain [ iks5plein ] 講出來讓人明白，vt. 解釋 The man tried to explain to the police the reason for his speedy driving. 那人設法向警察解釋他高速行車的原因。
2. plain [ plein ] n. 平原, 草原 adj.簡單的, 明白的, 平常的 I hope some day I can visit the plain in Inner Mongolia. 希望有一天我能參觀內蒙古大草原。
3. plan [ plein ] n. 計劃, 設計圖, 平面圖 vt.計劃, 設計 Christmas holiday is the time to make a plan for the new year.圣誕假期是人們制定新年計劃的時節。
4. plane [ plein ] n. 飛機，平面 adj. 平的, 平面的 China purchased hundreds of planes from the EU.中國向做法買了幾百架班機。
5. explanation [ 7eksplE5neiFEn ] n. 解釋, 解說 The professor gave an explanation about the manned space flight in plain but vivid word.教授用簡易而生動的語言講解了載人航天飛行。
6. complain [ kEm5plein ] com-, 共同， complain, 共同來擺平，v. 抱怨, 悲嘆, 控訴 What are they complaining about?他們在抱怨什么？
7. complaint [ kEm5pleint ] n. 訴苦, 抱怨, 牢騷, 委屈, 疾病 The customer’s complaint was passed on to the general manager.顧客的抱怨被傳到了總經理那里。
另類閱讀：
The workers complained about their low pay. Can you explain their complaint with plain words? We are planning to give them some explanations.
4. eye see ear hear nose sneeze smell smelly tongue taste tasty tasteless yummy
記憶：
1. eye [ ai ] n. 眼睛, 視力, 眼光, 見解 Mr. Li has a sharp eye. 李老師眼光犀利。
2. see [ si: ] n. 看, 看見, 了解, 領會 I will see him off at the airport.我將到機場送他。
3. ear [ iE ] n. 耳朵 I hate to talk with him. He often turns a deaf ear to what I say.我討厭與他說話，他經常不聽我的。
4. hear [ hiE ] h-ear vt. 聽到, 聽說 I hear that he has heard of you. 我聽說他聽到過你的事。
5. nose [ nEuz ] n. 鼻 When you blow your nose, please use a handkerchief or paper.你擤鼻子時請用手帕或紙。
6. sneeze [ sni:z ] n. 噴嚏 vi. 打噴嚏 You must have caught a cold! You are sneezing continually.你不停地vi.打噴嚏，一定感冒了。
7. smell [ smel ] n.氣味, 臭味 n. 嗅, 聞到, 散發(...的)氣味 The cake smells of a rose.那蛋糕發出玫瑰香味。
8. smelly [5smelI] adj. 發臭的, 有臭味的 Keep a distance! The socks are smelly.別靠近！這襪子有臭味。
9. tongue [ tQN ] n. 舌頭, 舌狀物, 語言 Our tongue helps us to talk and to taste things. 我們的舌頭幫助我們說話，也幫助我們嘗東西。
10. taste [ teist ] n. 味道, 味覺，品味 n. 品嘗, 領略 vt. 體驗, 感到 We should read books of high taste. 我們應該閱讀高品味的書籍。
11. tasty [ 5teisti ] adj. 好吃的, 可口的 I find these oranges not so tasty. 我發覺這些橙子沒那么可口。
12. tasteless [ 5teistlis ] adj. 沒味道的, 無鑒賞力的 It’s clear to all that water is tasteless. 大家聲明清楚水是無味的。
13. yummy [ 5jQmi ] adj. 美味的 That’s yummy. 真好吃！
另類閱讀：
How lucky we are! We can see beautiful sights with our eyes, hear wonderful music with our ears, smell sweat flowers with out noses, taste delicious food with our tongue, say our own ideas with our mouths, think of the future with our brains, and do useful deeds with our hands!
5. face facial surface deface preface mask race racial cheek cheer
記憶：
1. face [ feis ] n. 臉, 面容, 表情 vt. 面對, 面向 vi. 朝, 向 However hard it is, you must face the sad truth.不管有多難，你都得面對這令人哀傷的真相。
2. facial [ 5feiFEl ] adj. 面部的 His facial expression suggests that the battle was lost.他的面部表情表明這場戰斗輸了。
3. surface [ 5sE:fis ] sur-face n. 表面 There are some black dots on the surface of the desk.課桌表面有幾個黑點。
4. deface [ di5feis ] de-face vt. 損傷外觀, 丑化, 使失面子 The defaced machine will be sent back to the factory.表面有損的機器將被送回工廠。
5. preface [ 5prefis ] pre-face n. 序文, 緒言, 前言 He invited Mr. Zhang Xianliang to write the preface of his new book.他邀請張賢亮先生為他的新書作序。
6. mask [ mB:sk ] m-ask m, 蒙，蒙面 n. 面具, 掩飾 Everyone wore a strange mask at the party.聚會上每個人都戴著奇怪的面具。
7. race [ reis ] n. 種族,賽跑 vi. 賽跑, 疾走 We must race with time.我們必須和時間賽跑。
8. racial [ 5reiFEl ] adj. 人種的, 種族的, 種族間的 Any racial discrimination will be seriously punished here.在這里任何種族歧視行為都將受到嚴厲的懲罰。
9. cheek [ tFi:k ] n. 頰 The man with high cheeks are checking the machine.面頰很高的那個人正在檢查機器。
10. check [ tFek ] vt. 檢查, 制止, 核對 Any truck going through the customs will be under check.任何過海關的車都將接受檢查。
11. cheer [ tFiE ] n. 愉快, 歡呼 n. (對)歡呼 Cheer up! 振作起來！提起精神！The good news cheered us up.好消息使大家都振奮起來。
12. cheers [ tFiEz ] int. 干杯
另類閱讀：
The facial expression on his cheek cheered everyone standing on the surface of the platform. What he would face is not to deface the school but to write a preface for a book about the school.
6．fact factory factor act actual actually active action react reactionary
記憶：
1. act [ Akt ] n. 幕, 法案, 動作, 舉動, (戲劇的)幕 vi. 行動, 擔當, 表現, 見效 vt.扮演, 裝作 A new act has just passed to regulate visitors’ acts. 已經通過了一條新法案來規范人參觀者的行為。
2. fact [ fAkt ] n. 事實, 實際 Facts speak louder than voices.事實勝于雄辯。
3. factor [ 5fAktE ] n. 因素, 要素 The traffic convenience is an important factor in deciding the place for a new factory.交通便宜與否是決定新廠址的重要因素。
4. factory [ 5fAktEri ] n. 工廠, 制造廠 This is the factory Mr. Wen Jiabao visited last month.這是溫家寶先生上個月參觀過的那家工廠。
5. actual [ 5AktjuEl ] adj. 實際的, 真實的 The actual situation is quite different from what he thought of.實際情況與他想象的大相徑庭。
6. actually [5AktFuElI] adv. 實際上, 事實上 Actually, the air in his hometown is also seriously polluted.實際上，他家鄉的空氣也受到了嚴重的污染。
7. active [ 5Aktiv ] adj. 積極的 Lincoln was very active in politics when young.林青年輕時積極參與政治。
8. action [ 5AkFEn ] n. 動作, 作用, 戰斗 Some action will be taken soon.很快就將采取某種行動。 格言：Actions speak louder than words.事實勝于雄辯。
9. react [ ri5Akt ] vi. 起反應, 起作用, 反抗 The public reacted strongly to the new tax act.公眾對新的稅收法案反應強烈。
10. reactionary [ ri(:)5AkFEnEri ] adj. 反作用的, 反動的 Those reactionary books have been burnt into ashes. 那些反動書籍已被焚之一炬。
另類閱讀：
Actually, the success of a factory depends on many factors: being active in finding the facts, considering the reaction of others, taking proper actions, and so on. Anyway, think before act.
7．fail failure fall fault false
記憶：
1. fail [ feil ] vi. 失敗, 不及格 If you continue working in this way, you body is sure to fail. 如果你繼續這樣工作，你的身份肯定會垮的。
2. failure [ 5feiljE ] n. 失敗, 失敗者 Cheer up! Failure is the mother of success, after all. 振作些！畢竟，失敗是成功之母。 格言：Failure teaches success. 失敗是成功的先導。
3. fall [ fC:l ] n. 秋天, 落下 vi. 倒下, 落下 Yellow leaves fall in fall. 秋天葉黃而落。
4. fault [ fC:lt ] n. 過錯, 缺點, 故障, 毛病 You are always finding fault about what I wear!你老是對我的穿著找岔！ 格言： Every man has his faults. 是人都會有缺點。金無赤足，人無完人。
5. false [ fC:ls ] adj. 錯誤的, 虛偽的, 假的 Only then did I realize he was a false friend. 到了那時我才意識到他是個虛偽的朋友。
另類閱讀：
He failed in the exam and fell behind others. The failure is out of his own fault, which is not false at all.
8．fair hair pair unfair fairly fare fee
記憶：
1. fair [ fZE ] adj. 美麗的, (膚色)白皙的, (頭發)金黃的, 公平的, (天氣)晴朗的 The girl with fair hair made some fair remarks about the event.那個頭發金黃的女孩對這件事說了公平的話。
2. unfair [ 5Qn5fZE ] adj. 不公平的 It’s unfair to take double standard about human rights.對人權采取雙重標準是不公平的。
3. fairly [ 5fZEli ] adv. 公正地, 公平地, 相當地, 還算 The weather is fairly warm today.今天的天氣相當暖和。
4. hair [ hZE ] n. 頭發, 毛發 The sudden noise made my hair stand on end.突然傳來的聲音令我毛骨悚然。
5. pair [ pZE ] n. 一對, 一雙 How much is this pair of trousers? 這條長褲多少錢？
6. fare [ fZE ] n. 車費; 船費; 運費; 票價 The farther the destination is, the more fare you will pay.要去的地方越遠，你要付的票錢越多。
7. fee [ fi: ] 音“費”， n. 費(會費、學費等), 酬金 Don’t you think the fee they offered attractive?你不認為他們提供的費用有吸引力嗎？
另類閱讀：
It’s unfair to tie her fair hair in pairs. Her hair is fairly attractive. She is popular among the girls collect fees in the bus.
輕松一刻
Tell me again," asked the judge, "why you parked there?" The driver rose and answered respectfully(尊敬地), "Because, Your Honor, it said 'Fine for Parking'" (note: "fine" has two meanings 1. good 2. pay some money for doing something wrong.)
9．family familiar unfamiliar familiarity home house know known unknown
記憶：
1. family [ 5fAmili ] n. 家庭, 家族, 家屬 Tom has a large family to support. 一大家人靠湯姆生活。
2. familiar [ fE5miljE ] 家庭的，當然是為大家熟悉的，adj. 熟悉的, 常見的。 The coming professor is familiar to all the students as he has been to the school twice. 要來的那位教授對所有的學生都很熟悉，他到這兒已來過兩次了。Be familiar with 熟悉；be familiar to 對……來說是熟悉的。
3. unfamiliar [ 5QnfE5miljE ] adj. 不熟悉的, 不常見的 What will you do with an unfamiliar letter? Delete it!你將怎樣處理一封不熟悉的信件？刪除！
4. familiarity [ fE7mili5Ariti ] n. 熟悉, 通曉 The familiarity shows that he has ever studies butterflies.他對蝴蝶如此熟悉表明他對蝴蝶做過研究。
5. home [ hEum ] n. 家, 住宅 adv. 在家, 回家, 在本國 East or west, home is best.東方西方，比不上家鄉。 格言： There's no place like home. 金窩銀窩，不如咱的狗窩。
6. house [ haus ] n. 房子, 住宅 vt.給...房子住 The housing conditions are much better in the urban areas now.現在城市地區的住房條件比以前好多了。
7. know [ nEu ] v. 知道, 了解, 認識 I’m afraid I don’t know you.恐怕我并不認識你。
8. known [ nEun ] adj. 知名的, 大家知道的 The space flight made Mr. Yang Liwei well-known home and abroad.那次太空飛行使楊利偉先生天下聞名。
9. unknown [ 5Qn5nEun ] adj. 不知名的 One year ago, he was an unknown worker.一年以前，他還是一個默默無聞的工人。
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10. famous fame reputation well-known notorious credit credible incredible authentic
記憶：
1. fame [ feim ] n. 名聲, 名望 The scandal has ruined his fame.那個丑聞毀了他的名聲。
2. famous [ 5feimEs ] adj. 著名的, 出名的 There are many ways to be famous. But does fame really mean so much to you?有很多方法可以出名。但名聲對你真的那么重要嗎？
3. well-known adj. 著名的, 出名的 As is well-known to all, no pains no gains.眾所周知，一分辛勞，一分收獲。
4. notorious [ nEu5tC:riEs ] not-or-ious not, 不；-or的人；-ious, 形容詞后綴；notorious, （干盡壞事）不是人的，受唾(tor)罵的； Known widely and usually unfavorably; infamous: adj. 聲名狼籍的 If Cheng Shuipian continues his separation, he is sure to be notorious in history. 如果陳水扁繼續分裂活動，他肯定會背負千古罵名。
5. reputation [ 7repju(:)5teiFEn ] The general estimation in which a person is held by the public n. 名譽, 名聲 It’s not easy to build a reputation, and it’s hard to keep a good reputation.獲得名聲不容易，保持好名聲很困難。
6. credit [ 5kredit ] Belief or confidence in the truth of something. n. 信任, 信用, 聲望 The teacher should have credit with his students in a right way. 老師應以合適的方式獲得學生的信任。
7. credible [ 5kredEbl, -ibl ] cred-ible 可c里re邊請的d，可信賴；ible為形容詞后綴； credible, Worthy of confidence; reliable adj. 可信的, 可靠的 What he said is credible, I think.我想，他的話是可信的。
8. incredible [ in5kredEbl ] adj. 不可信的, 不可靠的 The victory is simply incredible!這場勝利真是難以置信。
9. authentic [ C:5Wentik ] au-then-tic 噢，那么提一提吧，既然它可信的話；Conforming to fact and therefore worthy of trust, reliance, or belief adj. 可信的 The witness gave an authentic account about the accident.證人對這起事故作了可信的陳述。
另類閱讀：
Usually a famous star has a reputation in the society. Many people have credits on him. So they buy the goods he advertises However, it turns out that the goods are not so authentic, sometimes the goods are incredibly of poor quality. His fame becomes ruined and the goods become notorious.
11. far for fur farther father further farm farmer
記憶：
1． far [ fB: ] adj. 遠的, 久遠的, 遙遠的 adv. 遠 How far away is it from here? 它離這兒有多遠？
2． for [ fC:; fE ] prep. (表示目的)為了, 因為 conj. 因為 What we do is all for you.我們所做的一切都是為了你。
3． fur [ fE: ] n. 毛皮, 毛, 軟毛 The overcoat made of fox fur is rather expensive.用狐皮作的大衣很貴。
4． farther [ 5fB:TE ] adj. 更遠的 The higher you stand, the farther you can see.站得越高，看得越遠。
5． father [ 5fB:TE ] n. 父親 The View of Back by Mr. Zhu Ziqing vividly described father’s love.朱自清先生的《背影》生動地描繪了父愛。
6． further [ 5fE:TE ] adj. 更遠的, 更多的, 深一層的vt. 促進, 增進, 助長 We need further study, or we will fall behind.我們需要進修，否則就會落后。
7． farm [ fB:m ] n. 農場, 農莊, 農田 vt. 耕種 His father is good at farming.他父親善長耕作。
8． farmer [ 5fB:mE ] n. 農民, 農場主 Chinese government is trying to increase the farmers’ income. 中國政府正在設法提高農民的收入。
另類閱讀：
Father gave no further explanation why he went so far into the farm. On the farm a farmer blamed him for the fur that he had gone farther away to gain.
12. fast quick quickly rapid swift immediately slow slowly speed
記憶：
1. fast [ fB:st ] adj. 快速的 adv. 很快地, 緊緊地 n. 禁食 Because of the modern pace of life, more people pick up fast food.因為現代生活節奏加快，更多的人開始吃快餐。
2. quick [ kwik ] adj. 快的, 迅速的, 敏捷的 We had a quick meal and then ran to catch the train. 我們匆匆吃了飯，然后跑著去趕火車。.
3. quickly [5kwIklI] adv. 很快地（時間短） The monkey jumped from one branch to another, and disappeared quickly in the thick wood. 猴子從一根樹枝跳到另一根樹枝上，很快就消失在茂密的樹林中。
4. rapid [ 5rApid ] adj. 迅速的, 飛快的, 險峻的 We are surprised at his rapid progress in oral English. 他的英語口語進步如此快，我們都感到意外。
5. swift [ swift ] adj. 迅速的, 快的, 敏捷的, 立刻的 The swift water turned the boat over.湍急的水流把船掀翻了。
6. immediately [ i5mi:djEtli ] adv. 立即, 馬上 Hearing the cry, he ran immediately to the bank and jumped into the swift water.聽到哭喊聲，他馬上跑到岸邊跳進湍急的水中。
7. slow [ slEu ] adj. 慢的, 遲鈍的 n.(～ down)(使)慢下來 Gradually the car slowed down.汽車漸漸地慢了來。
8. slowly [5slEJlI] adv. 慢慢地, 遲緩地 He turned round slowly and glared at me.他慢慢地轉過身來，怒視著我。
9. speed [ spi:d ] n. 速度, 速率 v. 加快, 飛跑 The speed of the car was amazing.汽車的速度很嚇人。
另類閱讀：
He has made such rapid progress in driving that he can start the car quickly and immediately runs fast. He hates slow cars at their leisure speed.
13. fasten tie attach die lie lay delay relay
記憶：
1. fasten [ 5fB:sn ] vt. 扎牢, 扣住, 閂住 He fastened the door carefully and then let off a sigh of relief.他小心地閂了門，然后松了口氣。
2. tie [ tai ] n. 關系, 領帶 平局 vt. 系, 打結, 扎 The white tie makes him a handsome boy.那條白領結使他很英俊。
3. attach [ E5tAtF ] vt. 縛上, 系上, 貼上 v. 配屬, 隸屬于 Their school is attached to Sichuan University.他們的學校附屬于四川大學。
4. die [ dai ] vi. 死亡, 消逝 n. 骰子 Hale would rather die than turn against his country黑爾寧愿死也不會背叛自己的祖國。 die a natural death 自然死亡 die of sth死于（疾病、情感等） die from sth死于（車禍、刀槍等）
5. lie [ lai ] （ lie, lay, lain）vi. 躺, 平放, 位于 (lie, lied, lied) v.說 謊, 躺 n. 謊話, 謊言 The boy who told a lie is lying in bed.那個說謊的男孩正躺在床上。 格言：As you have made the bed, you must lie on it.自作自受。
6. lay [ lei ] (lay, laid, laid) vt. 放置, 鋪設, 產(卵), 布置 Could you help lay the table?你能幫忙安一下桌子嗎？
7. delay [ di5lei ] v. & n. 耽擱, 延遲, 延期, 遲滯 We had to delay visiting the insect exhibition.我們不得不推遲去看昆蟲展。
8. relay [ 5ri:lei ] n. 接力賽 Our class win the relay race at last!我們班最后贏了這場接力賽。
另類閱讀：Lay the seat and you may lie on it. Fasten your safety belt and tie yourself to the seat if you don’t want to die. What’s more, the relay race will delay the trip. So stay patient.
14. fat fan fax far bat cat rat pat sat eat
記憶；
1． fat [ fAt ] f, 音“肥”，n.脂肪, 肥肉 adj. 肥大的, 豐滿的 Actually the fat find it hard to resist fat on the plate.實際上胖子很難拒絕盤子里的肥肉。
2． fan [ fAn ] n. 扇子, 迷, 狂熱者, 愛好者 All the fans came with fans on which there is a picture of their idol.所有的狂熱者都帶著扇子來了，扇子上有他們的偶像的圖片。
3． fax [ fAks ] n. & vt.傳真 I don’t think the fax will be replaced completely by emails.我認為傳真不會完全被電子郵件取代。
4． far [ fB: ] adj. 遠 A wicked heart is more terrible than a poisonous snake by far. 一顆邪惡的心遠比一條有毒的蛇可怕。
5． bat [ bAt, bB:t ] n. 蝙蝠, 球棒 n. 用球棒擊球 Do you know the reason why bats come out only at night?你知道為什么蝙蝠只在夜間出來嗎？
6． cat [ kAt ] n. 貓 Some people find cats clever and lovely while others believe they may bring bad luck. 一些人覺得貓機靈可愛，而另一些人卻相信貓會帶來厄運。 格言： When the cat's away, the mice will play. 貓兒不在,老鼠成精(大王外出, 小鬼跳梁)。
7． rat [ rAt ] n.老鼠 The cat eat not only the rat.貓不僅僅吃老鼠。
8． pat [ pAt ] 輕拍 Father patted him on the shoulder, saying “There is another chance ahead.”父親拍拍他的肩膀說，“前面還有機會。”
9． sat [ sAt ] sit的過去式 There under the tree sat an old man telling a story to the children around him.樹下坐著一位老人，他正在給一群身邊的孩子講故事。
10． eat [ i:t ] vt. 吃 Soup is not to be drunk, but to be eaten.在英語中，湯不是喝的，而是吃的。
4月，依舊是疫情防控的一個月。國內疫情風險穩步降低，海外疫情還在發展，我國采取了一系列嚴防輸入的疫情防控舉措。本月重點熱詞有：全國哀悼日、5G消息、糧食安全、就業歧視、零號病人以及北京突發公共衛生事件響應降級。
現場祭掃活動 on-site commemorative activities
4月1日，在國務院聯防聯控機制召開的新聞發布會上，民政部社會事務司副司長范瑜在回答記者提問時表示，目前“外防輸入、內防反彈”的要求不能放松，今年清明除了現場祭掃以外，倡導多樣化的祭掃方式。
Nine provinces, including Central China’s Hubei province, have suspended on-site commemorative activities during the three-day holiday from Saturday to Monday, according to Fan.范瑜表示，湖北省等9省已經決定暫停4月4日至6日期間的清明現場祭掃活動。
She said that some provinces and cities require people to follow strict reservation rules for tomb sweeping.她指出，還有一些省市要求人們嚴格遵守祭掃預約規定。
比如有的地方規定，居家或者集中觀察期未滿的人員是不能預約現場祭掃的（those who are under home quarantine or concentrated observation are not allowed to make reservations for on-site commemorative activities），有關人員要自覺遵守。
預約成功后要按預約時間和規定的人數前去祭掃。
除了現場祭掃外，為了鞏固疫情防控成果，今年清明祭掃活動還大力推廣非現場祭掃方式。
The Ministry of Civil Affairs encourages people to mourn their ancestors and deceased family members in more civil and eco-friendly ways, such as organizing commemorative activities at home or online.民政部倡導人們用更加文明環保的方式祭祀先輩和逝去的親人，比如，居家追思或網絡祭掃。
Some civil affairs departments have opened online platforms for commemoration.一些民政部門已經開通了網上祭掃平臺。
Staff members at funeral parlors also offer charity services, for example, helping deliver flowers and send condolences, to reduce risks of infection due to mass gatherings.殯葬服務機構工作人員也會提供公益性代祭服務，比如，代獻花、留言寄語等，以降低因人群聚集而帶來的感染風險。
范瑜說，
The control measures may bring inconvenience to the public but we believe that cherishing the health of living people is the best consolation to the deceased.對清明節祭掃的相關限制措施，大家可能覺得很繁瑣，但是我們認為，生者的健康平安是對逝者最好的告慰。
全國哀悼日 national day of mourning
為表達全國各族人民對抗擊新冠肺炎疫情斗爭犧牲烈士和逝世同胞的深切哀悼，國務院發布公告，決定2020年4月4日舉行全國性哀悼活動。China will hold a national mourning Saturday for martyrs who died in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and compatriots died of the disease, according to the State Council.
在此期間，全國和駐外使領館下半旗志哀，全國停止公共娛樂活動。
During the commemoration, national flags will fly at half-mast across the country and in all Chinese embassies and consulates abroad, and public recreational activities will be suspended across the country.
【單詞講解】
“下半旗”除了可以用這里的flags fly at half-mast表達之外，用flags fly at half-staff也是可以的。為什么會用mast和staff這兩個詞呢？因為mast本意是“桅桿”，后來也用來指“旗桿”，而staff其實是flagstaff的縮寫，flagstaff相當于flagpole，本身就是“旗桿”的意思。
4月4日10時起，全國人民默哀3分鐘，汽車、火車、艦船鳴笛，防空警報鳴響。
At 10:00 am Saturday, Chinese people nationwide will observe three-minute silence to mourn for the deceased, while air raid sirens and horns of automobiles, trains and ships will wail in grief.
【單詞講解】
“默哀”比較常用的英文表達是observe (three-minute) silence (for someone)或者pay silent tribute (to someone)。Tribute可以表示“（對死者的）致敬，悼念，致哀”。例如：an obituary tribute（悼辭）；此外，tribute還可以表示“頌詞”，例如：a birthday tribute（生日祝福）。
糧食安全 food security
4月4日下午，國務院聯防聯控機制就做好疫情期間糧食供給和保障工作情況舉行發布會。
有記者提問，受新冠肺炎疫情影響，不少國家開始限制糧食出口，特別是哈薩克斯坦、越南等國開始宣布限制小麥、大米出口。在這種情況下我們身邊可能會有些人因為擔心食品短缺而進行囤積搶購，請問我國糧食安全總體形勢如何？
【詞匯講解】
在英語里，“糧食安全”用food security表示，而food safety則表示“食品安全”。這二者的區別是：food security強調的是確保人們都能得到維持健康生活所需要的糧食，主要跟糧食的供應和人們獲取的渠道有關；而food safety強調的是確保人們吃進嘴里的食物在生產、存儲和銷售等環節都符合衛生健康標準。
China has ample food production and grain reserves despite the novel coronavirus impact, so there is no need to hoard groceries, officials have said.有關負責人表示，雖然有新冠肺炎疫情影響，但我國糧食產量豐、庫存足，沒有必要囤積糧食。
農業農村部發展規劃司司長魏百剛用四組數字對上述問題進行了回應。
第一組數據，糧食產量。
The country has recorded a long streak of bumper years, with grain output reaching a record of 663.9 billion kg last year.我國糧食生產連年豐收，去年的產量達到6639億公斤，創歷史新高。
第二組數據，人均糧食占有量。
The per capita output of grain in China has been higher than the world average since 2010.2010年以來，我們國家人均糧食占有量持續高于世界平均水平。
第三組數據，糧食庫存量。
The repertory of rice and wheat in the country is enough for the whole population for one year.小麥和稻谷庫存大體相當于全國人民一年的消費量。
第四組數據，我國谷物進口量。
China imported 14.68 million tons of grain last year, accounting for 2% of the total consumption in the country.中國去年凈進口1468萬噸，僅占全國谷物消費量的2%左右。
農業農村部種植業管理司司長潘文博在發布會上表示，
China has unveiled a series of "unconventional measures" to stabilize grain production, including setting region-specific grain plantation targets, offering subsidies for farmers and raising minimum prices for state procurement of rice, which secured a good start this year and would ensure stable grain production for the whole year.今年我國采取了一系列“超常規”措施穩住糧食生產，包括按地區設定今年糧食種植目標，為農民提供補貼，提高糧食最低收購價等，糧食生產有了一個好的開局，能夠穩住今年糧食生產。
We have the confidence and determination to hold firm our rice bowl.我們有信心、有決心端牢中國人的飯碗。
健康信息 health information
中國民用航空局、中華人民共和國海關總署4月7日發布關于中國籍旅客乘坐航班回國前填報防疫健康信息的公告。
Chinese passengers who are going to fly from 26 countries, including the United States, Italy and Spain, to China are required to submit their health information prior to boarding the plane, the country's civil aviation regulator said on Tuesday.民航局4月7日表示，從美國、意大利、西班牙等26國回國的中國籍旅客需在乘坐航班前填報個人健康信息。
具體要求如下：
Passengers who already booked air tickets to China must report their personal information, health status and recent travel history on a daily basis starting from Wednesday via a WeChat mini-program before boarding. Under special circumstances, the information can be submitted with the help of someone else.自2020年4月8日起，已購票旅客在登機前需要提前通過防疫健康碼國際版微信小程序，逐日填報個人資料、健康狀況、近期出行情況等信息。特殊情況可由他人代為填報。
Passengers who take the flights during the transition period between Wednesday and April 22 should report the related information every day ahead of their flights. Passenger who plan to fly after April 22 need to report the information daily for two weeks before boarding.
2020年4月8日至4月22日為過渡期。過渡期內乘坐航班的中國籍旅客，應于4月8日起連續逐日填報。過渡期后乘坐航班的，應于登機前第14天起連續逐日填報。
【詞匯講解】
這里的“過渡期”用transition period表示，transition指的是從一種狀態轉變到另一種狀態的過程，即“過渡，轉變”，比如： difficult transition from childhood to adulthood（從童年到成年的艱難轉變）。另外一個與transition拼寫很接近的詞transitory表達的是“轉瞬即逝的、短暫的”意思，比如：transitory happiness（轉瞬即逝的幸福）。
People who do not fill out the information as required will not be allowed to board, and passengers who failed to report it truthfully cannot continue their trip and need to bear corresponding legal responsibilities.
未按上述要求填報的，將無法登機。旅客填報虛假信息，將導致行程受阻，并須承擔相應法律責任。
公告中所列國家為：意大利、美國、西班牙、德國、伊朗、法國、韓國、瑞士、英國、荷蘭、奧地利、比利時、挪威、葡萄牙、瑞典、澳大利亞、巴西、土耳其、馬來西亞、丹麥、加拿大、以色列、捷克、愛爾蘭、菲律賓、泰國。
5G消息業務 5G messaging service
4月8日，中國移動、中國電信、中國聯通聯合舉行線上發布會，共同發布《5G消息白皮書》。
Falling under the technical name of rich communication services, or RCS, the 5G messaging service is designed to replace current short messages with a system that is richer, provides phone book polling, and can transmit in-call multimedia.5G消息，其技術名稱為“富媒體通信/富通信服務”，旨在用一個更加豐富的體系取代現有的短信服務，可以提供通訊錄查詢以及通話時多媒體傳輸。
據介紹，5G消息業務（5G messaging service）是終端原生基礎短消息服務的全新升級（an upgrade to the existing standard SMS messaging），依照交互方式大致可分為兩類：即個人用戶之間（P2P communication），以及企業與個人用戶之間的信息交互（B2C reach）。
對于個人用戶而言，5G消息將打破傳統短信對每條信息的長度限制（no word limits），內容方面也將突破文字局限，實現文字、圖片、音頻、視頻、位置等信息的有效融合（an integration of texts,images, audio, video and location information）。
對于企業而言，5G消息將為其提供與個人用戶之間的信息交互接口（interaction between businesses and individuals）。企業可通過文字、語音、選項卡等富媒體方式向用戶輸出個性化服務與咨詢。
With the new messaging service, for instance, consumers don't have to download a variety of mobile apps. They can directly buy train tickets and book flights by sending messages.比如，使用5G消息后，用戶不需要下載各種移動應用軟件，可以直接通過消息窗口購買火車票或者預訂航班。
此外，5G消息還支持加密傳輸（encrypted transmission）、圖形密碼（graphic verification code）等信息交互方式，可提供信息安全保障，保護用戶隱私。
簡單而言，5G消息是短信和彩信的升級版，可以發送圖文、音視頻等更加豐富的內容信息；與現有即時通訊類APP的區別是，5G消息以手機號作為用戶ID，無需另外安裝APP，也無需添加好友或關注企業號碼，即可實現消息收發（send and receive messages without friending others or following business accounts）。
The global telecom industry association GSMA has reached a consensus that RCS will become the mandatory function of 5G smartphones.
全球移動通信系統協會已達成共識，5G消息將成為5G手機的必備功能。
The three telecom carriers disclosed in March that they would invest about 180 billion yuan on 5G this year. They will also build 550,000 5G base stations this year.三大運營商上月透露，他們今年將在5G領域投資1800億元，年內建設55萬個5G基站。
伴侶動物 companion animal
農業農村部近日制訂了《國家畜禽遺傳資源目錄(征求意見稿)》，就畜禽目錄向社會公開征求意見。
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has excluded dogs from its draft list of edible terrestrial animals.農業農村部在這份目錄征求意見稿中未將狗列為可食用陸生動物。
The draft has proposed as edible species the 18 traditional forms of livestock including pigs, cattle, chickens and ducks, alongside 13 special species including ostriches, silver foxes and minks.該目錄包括可食用的傳統畜禽18種，包括豬、牛、雞、鴨等，特種畜禽13種，包括鴕鳥、銀狐、水貂等。
在針對目錄的說明中，農業農村部專門提到，
Excluding dogs - an essential human companion animal - is a common global practice and is considered a sign of civilization.狗是人類伴侶動物，不將其列入目錄是國際通行的做法，也是文明的象征。
今年2月《全國人民代表大會常務委員會關于全面禁止非法野生動物交易、革除濫食野生動物陋習、切實保障人民群眾生命健康安全的決定》發布以來，關于哪些動物能吃，引發了廣泛的社會討論，《目錄》的制定意味著這一問題將有官方定論。
農業農村部表示，在目錄制訂過程中，主要掌握四個原則：
一是堅持科學，列入目錄的畜禽須經過長期人工飼養馴化（long-term breeding and taming by human），有穩定的人工選擇經濟性狀；
二是突出安全，優先保障食品安全（food safety）、公共衛生安全（public health safety）、生態安全（environmental safety）；
三是尊重民族習慣（respect ethnic customs），考慮多民族生產生活需要和傳統文化等因素；
四是與國際接軌，參照國際通行做法和國際慣例（follow global practice）等。
目錄里包括的動物有哪些？
目錄包括傳統畜禽和特種畜禽共31個種，其中傳統畜禽18種：豬、普通牛、瘤牛、水牛、牦牛、大額牛、綿羊、山羊、馬、驢、駱駝、兔、雞、鴨、鵝、火雞、鴿、鵪鶉；特種畜禽13種：梅花鹿、馬鹿、馴鹿、羊駝、珍珠雞、雉雞、鷓鴣、綠頭鴨、鴕鳥、水貂、銀狐、藍狐、貉。
農業農村部表示，列入目錄的畜禽（livestock），適用《畜牧法》，由畜牧獸醫主管部門管理；目錄所列物種的野外種群（wild population of the listed species），以及目錄之外的陸生野生動物（wild terrestrial animals），適用《野生動物保護法》，由林業和草原部門管理。
就業歧視 job discrimination
隨著湖北地區疫情防控形勢好轉，各地復工復產進程加速，外出務工的湖北籍勞動者不斷增多。但有媒體報道，一些地方出現了湖北籍勞動者受到區別對待、難找工作甚至被無故辭退的情況。
China's top legislature has called on governments to offer more aid to laborers from regions hit hard by the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak when they return to work to help them overcome difficulties such as discrimination and ensure fair employment and the orderly resumption of production.全國人大常委會呼吁各級政府為新冠肺炎疫情嚴重地區的務工人員返崗提供支持，幫助他們解決就業歧視等困難，確保就業公平及有序復工。
全國人大常委會法工委社會法室主任郭林茂今表示：
Labor is a basic constitutional right of citizens, and the Chinese Labor Law is clear on guaranteeing fair employment and prohibiting job discrimination.勞動權是憲法賦予公民的一項基本權利。我國勞動法律對保障勞動者公平就業、禁止就業歧視作了明確規定。
規定主要包括以下幾個方面：
一是就業促進法規定，國家把擴大就業放在經濟社會發展的突出位置（uphold the importance of expanding employment in the country's economic and social development），各級人民政府應當創造公平就業環境（ensure employment equality），多渠道擴大就業（expand job opportunities in various ways）。
二是根據勞動法、就業促進法，國家保障勞動者公平就業，反對任何形式的就業歧視。用人單位以勞動者地域不同為由解除勞動合同，也違反勞動合同法相關規定，應承擔相應法律責任（employers who terminated contracts on the grounds of employees' place of origin were in breach of the Chinese Labor Contract Law and should bear legal liability）。
三是各級人力資源和社會保障部門依法對用人單位執行勞動法律、法規的情況進行監督檢查（monitor whether the applicable laws are being enforced），對違法行為予以制止，并責令改正（deter and correct employers' misconduct）。
郭林茂指出，
People from Hubei, especially those from Wuhan, capital of the province, were tenacious and brave during the outbreak, with strict enforcement of the epidemic control rules and extremely great efforts in fighting the disease, so we need to provide more help for them when they return to work.在疫情防控戰中，湖北人民特別是武漢人民不畏艱險、頑強不屈，自覺服從疫情防控大局需要，主動投身疫情防控斗爭，付出了極大努力。我們需要為湖北籍勞動者返崗就業提供更多幫助。
Regional discrimination in recruitment damages laborers' equal employment rights. It is neither legal nor beneficial in consolidating the results of epidemic control work and promoting social economic development.地域歧視損害了勞動者公平就業的權利，既不合法，更不利于鞏固疫情防控成果和促進經濟社會發展。
滅活疫苗 inactivated vaccines
國務院聯防聯控機制科研攻關組表示，我國兩款新冠病毒滅活疫苗獲得國家藥品監督管理局一二期合并的臨床試驗許可，相關臨床試驗同步啟動。
The two vaccines are China's first batch of COVID-19 inactivated vaccines that have obtained clinical trial approval. Using killed pathogenic microorganisms for enhancing the immunogenicity, the vaccines have advantages of mature production process, controllable quality standards and wide protection range.此次獲批進入臨床試驗的兩款滅活疫苗是我國首批獲得臨床研究批件的新冠病毒滅活疫苗，是一種殺死病原微生物但仍保持其免疫原性的疫苗，具有生產工藝成熟、質量標準可控、保護范圍廣等優點。
They can be used for large-scale vaccination, and their safety and effectiveness can by judged by internationally accepted standards.這兩款疫苗可用于大規模接種，并且有國際通行標準來判斷疫苗的安全性和有效性。
疫苗對疫情防控至關重要。疫情發生以來，國務院聯防聯控機制科研攻關組專門設立疫苗研發專班，按照滅活疫苗（inactivated vaccines）、重組蛋白疫苗（recombinant protein vaccines）、腺病毒載體疫苗（adenovirus vector vaccines）、減毒流感病毒載體活疫苗（vaccines using attenuated influenza virus as vectors）、核酸疫苗（nucleic acid vaccines）5條技術路線共布局12項研發任務，目前均在穩步推進。
China has laid a solid foundation for research in inactivated vaccines, which has been widely used to fight hepatitis A, influenza, hand-foot-and-mouth disease and poliomyelitis.我國的滅活疫苗有較好研究基礎，甲肝滅活疫苗、流感滅活（裂解）疫苗、手足口病滅活疫苗、脊髓灰質炎滅活疫苗等均已廣泛應用。
這兩款新冠病毒滅活疫苗分別由國藥集團中國生物武漢生物制品研究所、北京科興中維生物技術有限公司聯合有關科研機構開發而成。
據了解，上述獲得臨床試驗許可的企業具備大規模滅活疫苗生產能力（the capacity for large-scale production），根據國家相關法律法規，已為緊急使用做好準備。
世衛組織“斷供” suspend funding WHO
美國總統特朗普4月14日宣布，美國暫停向世界衛生組織提供資金。
US President Donald Trump says he has instructed his administration to halt funding to the World Health Organization (WHO).He said the WHO had "failed in its basic duty" in its response to the coronavirus outbreak.美國總統特朗普表示，他已指示其政府暫停向世界衛生組織提供資金。他說，世衛組織在應對新冠肺炎疫情時“沒有履行其基本職責”。
Mr Trump said funding would be on hold for 60 to 90 days pending a review of the WHO’s warnings about the coronavirus and China.特朗普表示，暫停提供資金的期限將持續60到90天，在此期間將對世衛組織就新冠病毒及中國疫情發出的警示信息進行評估。
特朗普在白宮記者會上表示：
With the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, we have deep concerns whether America’s generosity has been put to the best use possible. The reality is that the WHO failed to adequately obtain, vet and share information in a timely and transparent fashion.隨著新冠肺炎疫情暴發，我們非常關心美國的慷慨是否物盡其用。現實是，世衛組織未能及時透明地充分獲取、篩選及分享信息。
If we cannot trust them, if this is what we will receive from the WHO, our country will be forced to find other ways to work with other nations to achieve public health goals.如果我們不能信任他們，如果這就是我們從世衛組織得到的，我國就不得不尋找其他途徑與其他國家合作來達到公共衛生領域的目標。
聯合國秘書長古特雷斯對此回應稱，世界衛生組織必須得到支持。
António Guterres, the UN secretary general, declared now was “not the time to reduce the resources for the operations of the World Health Organization or any other humanitarian organization in the fight against the virus.古特雷斯表示，疫情當前，現在不是減少對世衛組織或者任何一個人道主義組織資源支持的時候。
“As I have said before, now is the time for unity and for the international community to work together in solidarity to stop this virus and its shattering consequences,” he said in a statement.我之前說過，國際社會現在應該團結一致、攜手聚力，共同阻止這個病毒及其產生的破壞性后果。
世衛組織的資金來源
WHO’s Programme Budget is financed through a mix of assessed and voluntary contributions. Assessed contributions are the dues countries pay in order to be a member of the Organization. The amount each Member State must pay is calculated relative to the country's wealth and population.世衛組織的規劃預算資金來自評定會費和自愿捐款。評定會費是國家作為本組織會員國交納的費用。每一會員國交納的費用按本國的財富和人口狀況計算。
Assessed contributions have declined as an overall percentage of the Programme Budget and have, for several years, accounted for less than one quarter of the organization’s financing. The balance is mobilized through voluntary contributions.評定會費占規劃預算的總百分比有所減少，近幾年占比還不到該組織資金總額的四分之一。其余資金通過自愿捐款籌集。
However, assessed contributions remain a key source of financing for the organization, providing a level of predictability, helping to minimize dependence on a narrow donor base, and allowing resources to be aligned to the Programme Budget.但評定會費仍是該組織資金的一個主要來源，它提供了一定程度的可預測性，有助于降低對少量捐助方的依賴，使資源水平能夠與規劃預算保持一致。
WHO assessed contributions are due and payable as of 1 January from all WHO Member States and Associate Members (currently 194 Member States and 2 Associate Members).世衛組織各會員國和準會員（目前共有194個會員國和兩個準會員）需于1月1日繳付世衛組織評定會費。
Where the total annual assessed contribution for a Member State is 0,000 or greater, that Member's contributions are assessed half in United States dollar and half in Swiss francs, otherwise, contributions are assessed in United States dollars only.如會員國年評定會費總額為20萬美元或更多，則會費一半按美元評定，一半按瑞士法郎評定。如會員國年評定會費總額低于20萬美元，會費應全部按美元評定。
The US is the WHO's biggest funder, providing 0m last year - just under 15% of its total budget.美國是世衛組織最大的資金提供方，去年提供了4億美元的資金支持，占該組織總預算近15%。
The organization launched an appeal in March for 5m to help fight the pandemic.上個月，世衛組織曾發起捐款呼吁，希望能為抗擊新冠肺炎疫情籌集6.75億美元的資金。
對于特朗普關于世衛組織沒有及時分享疫情信息的指責，美國媒體做了時間線的梳理。
CNBC報道稱：
WHO started sounding the alarm on the outbreak of a new coronavirus in China, in mid-January, designating the now Covid-19 pandemic as a global health emergency on Jan 30 when there were just 8,200 cases in 18 countries across the world.世衛組織1月中旬開始發出警報，稱一種新型冠狀病毒疫情在中國暴發，1月30日就宣布如今被稱為新冠肺炎大流行病的疫情為國際關注的突發公共衛生事件，當時全球只有18個國家報告了8200例確診病例。
The WHO’s global emergency declaration on Jan 30 was nearly a month before Trump tweeted that “The Coronavirus is very much under control in the USA” and six weeks before he declared a national emergency on March 13.1月30日，世衛組織宣布國際關注的突發公共衛生事件，過了將近一個月，特朗普還在發推特說，“美國把新冠病毒控制得很好”，過了6個星期，他才在3月13日宣布美國進入國家緊急狀態。
Two days earlier, on March 11, WHO officials declared the outbreak a pandemic, when there were just 121,000 global cases.在此兩天前，3月11日，世衛組織官員宣布新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行，當時全球只有12.1萬病例。
包機 charter flights
民航局4月15日介紹，國際客運航班調整以來，平均每天入境旅客維持在兩三千人左右。此外，疫情發生以來，民航局安排臨時航班（包機）赴疫情嚴重國家接回中國公民。
Sixteen Chinese charter planes flew to Iran, Italy, Britain, the United States and Spain from March 4 to April 13, bringing back home 2,744 Chinese, including 1,449 students studying abroad, Xiong Jie, spokesperson for the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), said at an online press conference.民航局新聞發言人熊杰在網絡發布會上表示，3月4日至4月13日，民航局共安排16架次包機協助在伊朗、意大利、英國、美國、西班牙的2744名中國公民回國，其中留學生1449名。
【單詞講解】
Charter這個詞在表示“包租、租用”之意時既可以用作動詞，也可以用作形容詞，比如：They chartered a boat for deep-sea fishing.或者The charter boat is used for deep-sea fishing.（他們包了一條船用來深海捕魚。）所以，我們這里說到的“包機”用charter plane/flight或chartered plane/flight都是可以的。
未來幾周，民航局將根據國務院聯防聯控機制部署，及時啟動重大航空運輸保障機制。
按照國務院聯防聯控機制的具體部署，執行的重大運輸任務主要包括安排臨時航班（包機）赴疫情嚴重國家接回中國公民任務（ bring Chinese studying or living abroad back home）、援外醫療專家組（chartered flights to send medical experts to countries hit hard by COVID-19）和相關省份聯合工作組包機任務和援非物資運輸任務（send medical materials to African countries）三方面。
The CAAC will provide convenience to overseas students in countries severely affected by the virus and who are in difficulties to "help them return home in a step-by-step and orderly fashion.民航局將按照逐步、有序的方式，對疫情嚴重國家、確有困難急需回國的留學人員回國提供便利。
Data showed that as of Tuesday, China had sent a total of 575 charter flights carrying 134 medical professionals and working staff and 9,544 tons of anti-epidemic supplies to 64 countries including the United States, Italy and Japan to help them combat the virus.數據顯示，截至4月14日，共執行相關客、貨包機任務575架次，運送134名援外醫療專家組和聯合工作組人員，運輸抗疫物資9544噸，涉及美國、意大利、日本等64個國家。
On April 5, the administration arranged for a chartered flight to transport 37.6 tons of medical supplies to 18 countries in central and western Africa.4月5日，民航局安排一架次包機運送援助中西非18個國家的37.6噸物資。
消費券 coupons
為活躍消費市場，從4月19日起，武漢市人民政府將陸續向全體在漢人員投放5億元的“武漢消費券”，以支持全市商貿和文旅行業復工、復產、復市。
The municipal government of Wuhan will hand out the vouchers weekly via the online platforms of Alibaba, Meituan Dianping and Tencent. The above three e-commerce giants will also offer their own coupons worth a total of 1.8 billion yuan, which may be used together with the government-issued vouchers. The first stage of distribution will be from April 19 to May 31, and the second stage from June 1 to July 31.“武漢消費券”將在阿里巴巴、美團點評、騰訊等3家企業自有線上平臺上按周投放，總體投放分兩期執行。其中，第一期為4月19日至5月31日，第二期為6月1日至7月31日。阿里巴巴、美團點評、騰訊等3家企業還匹配了總價值約18億元的消費券，消費者可將“武漢消費券”與3家企業的消費券疊加使用。
【單詞講解】
這里說到“消費券”時用了voucher和coupon兩個詞，根據《劍橋英語詞典》的解釋，voucher指的是a piece of paper that can be used to pay for particular goods or services or that allows you to pay less than the usual price for them（可以直接用來購買或者以低于定價的金額購買特定商品或服務的紙質憑證），coupon是：a piece of paper that can be used to get something without paying for it, or at a reduced price（可以免費或者以折扣價格獲得某物的紙質憑證）。從這個解釋來看，二者意思很接近，基本可以互相替換使用。
如果詳細區分一下的話，coupon多指“優惠券”，比如，快餐店推出的15元午餐券、第二杯半價的冷飲券等，消費者拿著這種券去消費的時候，就可以券上的金額購買對應的產品。而voucher多指“代金券”，比如，餐廳推出的消費滿300元送50元代金券，下次消費時，這50元代金券就可以直接在結賬時使用。
首期“武漢消費券”根據不同消費種類設置不同面額（face value）。
餐飲消費券和超市（便利店）消費券包含10元和20元兩種面額，商場消費券和文體旅游消費券包含50元和80元兩種面額。
Consumers will be able to use the vouchers for offline payments in restaurants, shopping malls, supermarkets, convenience stores and cultural and tourist sites.消費者可在餐館、商場、超市、便利店以及文化旅游點線下消費時使用消費券。
隨著國內新冠肺炎疫情得到控制，各地為了擴大居民消費，促進消費回補和潛力釋放陸續發放消費券。
So far, more than 20 provinces and cities in China have launched voucher campaigns, worth over 5.6 billion yuan.到目前為止，國內已有20多個省市發放了價值超過56億元的消費券。
A survey conducted by Alipay shows that over 10 million businesses have benefited from the nationwide voucher campaigns, with over 90 percent of them being micro, small and medium-sized businesses.支付寶調查顯示，有1000多萬家企業從全國各地的消費券活動中受益，其中90%以上為中小微企業。
“未見異常”健康狀態 health status of "no sign of abnormality"
Beijing will allow commuters from the neighboring regions of Hebei province and Tianjin to apply for the health status of "no sign of abnormality" in its health mini-program to facilitate their commute, said Li Sufang, deputy head of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Development and Reform.北京市發展改革委副主任李素芳表示，本市及津冀地區往返人員可以通過“北京健康寶”小程序申請“未見異常’健康狀態”，為其出行提供便利。
“北京健康寶”是一個方便個人查詢自身防疫相關健康狀態（health status）的小工具，所有在京及進（返）京人員均可使用。查詢結果包含“集中觀察（concentrated observation）”、“居家觀察（home-based observation）”以及“未見異常（no sign of abnormality）”三種狀態，分別用紅色、黃色以及綠色進行標識。
近日，依托國家政務服務平臺，北京健康寶在原有功能基礎上，拓展完成了京津冀往返、商務出行及入境進京等功能。
Those who will be granted the status of "no sign of abnormality" should have stayed in low-risk areas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region for the last 14 days, are not confirmed cases, suspected cases, close contacts or silent carriers recorded by national or local health aothorities, and not under home-based or concentrated observation.近14日駐留地為京津冀低風險地區的人員，且不屬于國家或北京市衛健部門掌握的確診、疑似、密接、無癥狀感染人員，及不在北京市居家或集中隔離的人員，可獲得“未見異常”健康狀態。
獲得“未見異常”健康狀態的，入住酒店期間，可憑此在多場景有效使用。
在便利商務出行方面，天津、河北以外省市低風險地區來京出差人員，按照北京市酒店入住管理的相關措施，持有7日內核酸檢測陰性證明（negative result of nucleic acid test within 7 days），或在酒店進行核酸檢測呈陰性并接受酒店健康管理，入住酒店后，依據酒店入住登記信息，可通過“健康寶”申請健康狀態。
穩就業 ensure employment
4月21日，人社部舉行一季度新聞發布會，介紹了一季度人力資源和社會保障工作進展情況。
To offset COVID-19's impact on the job market, China has taken measures to ensure employment and promote work resumption, according to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MHRSS).人社部表示，為了對沖新冠肺炎疫情對就業市場的影響，我國采取了一系列措施穩定就業，推進復工復產。
一季度，人社部積極應對疫情，推動各項政策措施落實落細，實行項目化管理，采取五大措施穩就業，取得了階段性成效。
一是拓渠道。全面推進復工復產，加快恢復和穩定就業。
In the first quarter of 2020, the ministry has helped over 10,000 central and local key enterprises recruit nearly 500,000 people to ensure the orderly production of medical supplies and daily necessities.今年一季度，人社部幫助1萬多家中央和地方重點企業解決招用工近50萬人，確保醫療物資和日常必需品的有序生產。
Meanwhile, the country offered "point-to-point" non-stop transportation for nearly 5.9 million migrant workers to help them return to work.同時，“點對點”一站式運送農民工近590萬人，幫助他們返崗。
二是穩崗位。打出了“免減緩返補”的援企穩崗擴就業政策組合拳。
The ministry exempted employers from 232 billion yuan social security fees by the end of March to reduce labor costs, and handed back another 38.8 billion yuan for the employers' portion of jobless benefits to 3.02 million businesses that didn't lay off workers. Nearly 10 billion yuan were given out in a separate move to encourage employers to hire unemployed people.截至3月底，人社部免除企業社保費2320億元，幫助企業削減勞力成本。此外，共發放失業保險穩崗返還388億元，惠及企業302萬戶；累計支出就業補助資金近百億元，支持企業吸納就業。
三是保重點。高校畢業生，是抓好就業工作的重中之重。
The ministry will further expand employment channels and enhance online hiring services for college graduates, whose number is expected to hit a record 8.74 million this year.人社部將進一步擴展高校畢業生就業渠道，推動在線招聘服務。今年我國高校畢業生為874萬，再創紀錄。
四是優服務。就業服務搬上線。
The ministry launched a special online hiring activity, which will last until the end of July, on March 20, offering over 10 million positions for job seekers.人社部于3月20日推出“百日千萬網絡招聘專項行動”，該招聘活動將持續到7月底，提供超過1000萬個工作崗位。
五是兜底線。失業保險擴面提標。
The ministry opened its national unemployment registration service on March 31.The registration service is for unemployed people of working age who have the ability to work and want to find a job, including graduates and people who have left jobs, the ministry said.人社部于3月31日開通了失業登記服務，面向勞動年齡內、有勞動能力、有就業需求、處于無業狀態的城鄉勞動者，包括大學畢業生以及與企業解除或終止勞動關系的勞動者。
Those registered will be able to enjoy free services such as guidance on employment policies and laws, and employment matching. Those eligible for government support, such as unemployment insurance, can apply during the registration process.登記失業人員將免費獲得就業創業政策法規咨詢、職業介紹等服務。符合失業保險金領金條件的，可一并辦理失業登記和失業保險金申領業務。
The registered urban unemployment rate nationwide, based on the number of people who registered for benefits, was 3.66 percent by the end of March, whereas the urban jobless rate based on surveys was 5.9 percent.一季度末全國城鎮登記失業率3.66%，3月份城鎮調查失業率5.9%。
偷井蓋 theft of manhole covers
針對近年來時有發生的窨井“吃人、傷人”事件，最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部日前聯合下發意見，就辦理涉窨井蓋相關刑事案件作出系統規定，依法懲治涉窨井蓋犯罪。
The guideline comprises 12 articles, including punishments of ordinary criminal crimes such as theft and destruction of manhole covers as well as crimes of dereliction of duty related to manhole covers.該指導意見共有12條，包括盜竊、破壞窨井蓋等普通刑事犯罪以及與窨井蓋相關的瀆職犯罪。
針對第一類犯罪行為，意見規定：
People who steal or damage manhole covers and cause serious consequences, such as people falling in or vehicles overturning, will be deemed as having committed the crime of sabotaging a means of transport, transportation facilities in accordance with the Chinese Criminal Law.盜竊、破壞窨井蓋，造成行人跌落或車輛傾覆等嚴重后果的，依照刑法的規定，以破壞交通設施罪定罪處罰。
If someone steals or damages manhole covers in crowded places, such as stations, ports, parks, squares, schools or business zones, and the action leads to serious injuries or deaths, he or she may be charged with endangering public safety by dangerous means, the guideline said.盜竊、破壞車站、港口、公園、廣場、學校或商業區等人員聚集場所的窨井蓋，致人受傷或者死亡的，依照刑法的規定，以以危險方法危害公共安全罪定罪處罰。
In addition, anyone who deliberately removes or destroys manhole covers despite knowing that the action may cause serious harm to others may be charged with intentional homicide or intentional injury if someone is killed or hurt, the guideline said.明知會造成人員傷亡后果而實施盜竊、破壞行為，致人受傷或者死亡的，依照刑法的規定，分別以故意傷害罪、故意殺人罪定罪處罰。
針對第二類犯罪行為，意見規定：
Those working in state organs who fail to do their job or abuse their power when engaged in manhole cover procurement, construction, acceptance checks, use and inspection, causing heavy losses to public money or property or the interests of the state and the people, will be punished in accordance with the standards for the crimes of dereliction of duty and abuse of power, said the guideline.在窨井蓋采購、施工、驗收、使用、檢查過程中負有職責的國家機關工作人員玩忽職守或者濫用職權，致使公共財產、國家和人民利益遭受重大損失的，依照刑法規定，分別以玩忽職守罪、濫用職權罪定罪處罰。
天問一號 Tianwen-1
4月24日，國家航天局在2020年中國航天日線上啟動儀式上公布：中國行星探測任務（planetary exploration missions）被命名為“天問（Tianwen）系列”，首次火星探測任務（first Mars exploration mission）被命名為“天問一號”，后續行星任務依次編號。
國家航天局總工程師葛小春介紹，
The name comes from the long poem "Tianwen," meaning Heavenly Questions or Questions to Heaven, written by Qu Yuan (about 340-278 BC), one of the greatest poets of ancient China.“天問”來自中國偉大詩人屈原的長詩《天問》。
In "Tianwen," Qu Yuan raised a series of questions in verse involving the sky, stars, natural phenomena, myths and the real world, showing his doubts about some traditional concepts and the spirit of seeking the truth.《天問》是屈原對于天空、星辰、自然現象、神話和人世等一切事物現象的發問，體現了他對傳統理念的疑惑以及追求真理的精神。
“天問”這個名字表達了中華民族對于真理追求的堅韌與執著（the Chinese nation's perseverance in pursuing truth），體現了對自然和宇宙空間探索的文化傳承（culture of exploring nature and the universe）。
國家航天局同時公布了首次火星探測任務標識“攬星九天”。
CNSA also unveiled the logo of China's planetary exploration missions, featuring the letter C, signifying China, international cooperation and capacity of entering space.國家航天局公布的我國行星探測任務標識展示了字母“C”的形象，匯集了中國（China）、國際合作精神（Cooperation）、進入太空的能力等多重含義。
China plans to launch the Mars probe in 2020, aiming to complete orbiting, landing and roving in one mission.我國計劃在2020年發射火星探測器，并在一次任務內完成軌道運行、著陸、巡視的任務。
移動互聯網接入流量 mobile data traffic
在國務院聯防聯控機制4月25日舉辦的新聞發布會上，工業與信息化部信息技術發展司一級巡視員李穎透露，今年3月戶均移動互聯網接入流量達到近12月以來的最高點。
In the first quarter of 2020, China's mobile data traffic consumption soared 39.3 percent from the same period of last year, Li told the press conference. In March alone, the average household usage of mobile traffic reached 9.5 GB, the highest level in almost a year, reflecting the rapid growth of information consumption, Li added.李穎在發布會上表示，今年一季度，我國移動互聯網接入流量同比增長39.3%。今年3月戶均移動互聯網接入流量達到9.5GB，為近12月以來的最高點，反映了信息消費的高增長態勢。
【單詞講解】
Traffic這個詞可做名詞或動詞使用，用法很多，不過大多數都跟人員、物品、信息、交通工具等的運送、流動有關，比如：上班路上遭遇“堵車”可以直接說I am stuck in traffic，飯店的客流量可以說restaurant traffic，法律打擊的“毒品交易”則是drug traffic。在信息技術領域，traffic指的是：the information or signals transmitted over a communications system（通過一個通信系統傳輸的信息或信號），我們一般稱為“流量”。
During the epidemic period, consumer demand for online medical and education services, as well as food delivery and new retail services, posted explosive growth.疫情期間，消費者對于在線就醫和教育服務，以及食品快遞和新零售服務的需求呈爆發性增長。
The internet traffic in Wuhan, in central China's Hubei province, during the epidemic period has seen an increase of around 60 to 70 percent compared with that at the end of last year, said statistics from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT).工信部的數據顯示，疫情期間湖北省武漢市的互聯網流量比去年年底增長了60-70%。
During the epidemic period, the broadband network plays key supporting roles in social economic operations, and people's production and life. Meanwhile, the internet also faces great challenges from users' growing operating frequency and demands.疫情期間，寬帶網絡在社會經濟運行及人民生產生活中發揮了重要的支持作用。與此同時，互聯網也面臨用戶不斷增長的使用頻率和需求的巨大挑戰。
互聯網領域跨越式發展使居家辦公、學習、消費成為可能
China has seen its fixed broadband users exceed 450 million, and the household penetration of fixed internet exceed 91 percent, said the MIIT statistics.工信部數據顯示，我國固定寬帶用戶超過4.5億，固定網絡家庭普及率超過91%。
The user population of 3G, 4G and 5G mobile broadband has exceeded 1.3 billion, with a household penetration of more than 95 percent.3G、4G、5G移動寬帶用戶已超過13億，家庭普及率超過95%。
Across China, the broadband services have extended to more than 98 percent of administrative villages.全國范圍內，寬帶服務以及擴展到98%以上的行政村。
五一假期 May Day holiday
文化和旅游部官網發布旅游提示，提醒廣大游客“五一”出游疫情防控不放松，安全文明記心中。
Tourists are asked to pay close attention to the situation of epidemic risks released by local authorities and the latest epidemic prevention and control measures of their destination, according to a statement on the official website of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.文旅部官網發布的提示指出，游客要密切關注各地疫情防控部門發布的疫情風險情況，了解目的地最新疫情防控政策。
Tourists are urged to carry out self-protection measures including wearing masks and washing their hands frequently, as well as keeping their distance from others while taking transportation and visiting parks. The use of serving chopsticks and spoons during meals is also recommended, the statement said.游客要做好自我防護，戴口罩、勤洗手，在乘坐交通工具、入園游覽時，自覺與其他游客保持間距。就餐時使用公筷公勺。
提示同時要求游客避免扎堆，錯峰出游。
The statement also asked tourists to learn in advance about ticket reservations and other measures of scenic spots and devise their itineraries to avoid peak times.提示建議游客提前了解景點的門票預約等措施，間隔入園、錯峰旅游。
文旅部提醒游客，自覺遵守旅游目的地和景區疫情防控制度，接受測量體溫（take temperature）、查驗健康碼（check health QR code）、分時限流、保持間距（social distancing）等要求，對于由此產生的排隊等待給予充分理解。
此前，文旅部和國家衛生健康委曾聯合印發《關于做好旅游景區疫情防控和安全有序開放工作的通知》。
通知要求：
Tourist attractions are allowed to receive 30 percent of their maximum visitor capacity. Paid scenic spots are required to evaluate the results before launching preferential policies for tickets and entertainment programs.景區接待游客量不得超過核定最大承載量的30%，收費景區在實施臨時性優惠政策前要做好評估，防止客流量超限。
Tourist attractions should strengthen management over population flow to prevent mass gatherings. Travelers are required to make reservations and encouraged to visit scenic spots in different time periods.景區要強化流量管理，嚴防人員聚集。游客需提前預約，且建議分時段游覽。
零號病人 patient zero
Chinese scientists said on Monday that it is very unlikely the novel coronavirus was man-made, and finding patient zero is a formidable task that requires global collaboration to succeed.中國科學家4月27日表示，新冠病毒是人造的可能性很低，追溯“零號病人”難度很大，需要全球各國攜手展開工作。
【名詞解釋】
“零號病人（patient zero）”往往用來指稱第一個受感染的流行病患者（the first person infected with the virus in an epidemic）。確認“零號病人”，對于病毒溯源和疫情防控有著重要價值。
中國醫學科學院病原生物學研究所所長金奇說，
Finding the first infected case is an "extremely difficult scientific problem that requires a great amount of interdisciplinary research". Scientists have yet to find patient zero for the 1918 influenza pandemic, HIV or the H1N1 influenza in 2009.追溯“零號病人”是“非常難的科學問題，需要大量的工作，多學科交叉”。1918年大流感、艾滋病以及2009年暴發的H1N1流感等大規模傳染病都沒有找到明確的“零號病人”。
中國疾控中心病毒病預防控制所學者劉培培表示，
The increased number of people with COVID-19 antibodies, as well as the existence of asymptomatic patients, are two main obstacles in finding patient zero.有新冠肺炎抗體的人數增加以及無癥狀感染者的存在是追溯“零號病人”的兩個主要障礙。
If patient zero is asymptomatic or has very mild symptoms, he or she may not have seen a doctor and left a medical record.如果“零號病人”為無癥狀或非常輕微的癥狀，那可能沒有去就醫，沒有留下就診記錄。
China and many other countries are also looking for patient zero. He said he hopes countries can work together to tackle this challenging task.中國和很多其他國家都在尋找“零號病人”，他希望各國能夠攜手合作應對這個挑戰。
收費公路 toll roads
交通運輸部4月28日發布關于恢復收費公路收費的公告。
China's Ministry of Transport announced to restore all tolls across the country from May 6. The move is valid for all toll roads nationwide, including bridges and tunnels, the ministry said in a notice, adding that given vehicles approved by law will continue to be exempted from tolls.交通運輸部發布公告，自2020年5月6日零時起，全國收費公路恢復收費（含收費橋梁和隧道）。與此同時，繼續落實法定免費通行政策。
【單詞講解】
Toll這個詞可以直接表示“（道路、橋梁）通行費”，所以，沒有必要說toll fee，“收費站”就可以用toll gate、toll booth表示，咱們國家一些法定節假日期間小型車輛高速公路免費通行則可以說Most expressways in the country are going toll free for passenger cars with fewer than seven seats during the holiday period. 此外，在有關災難事故的新聞報道中見到的toll則表示“（傷亡）人數”，比如death toll（死亡人數）、the toll of dead and injured mounted（傷亡人數增加）。
符合《收費公路管理條例》及相關規定的軍隊車輛（含武警部隊車輛）（military vehicles），公安機關在轄區內收費公路上處理交通事故、執行正常巡邏任務和處置突發事件的統一標志的制式警車（police vehicles），懸掛應急救援專用號牌的國家綜合性消防救援車輛（fire and rescue vehicles），經國務院交通主管部門或者省、自治區、直轄市人民政府批準執行搶險救災任務的車輛，鮮活農產品運輸車輛（vehicles transporting fresh agricultural products），進行跨區作業的聯合收割機和運輸聯合收割機（包括插秧機）的車輛，繼續享受免收車輛通行費政策。
此外，保障疫情防控應急運輸車輛優先便捷通行。
Special needs and fast passes will be set up at expressway toll booths, and guidance of on-site traffic order will be strengthened.高速公路收費站設置專用快捷通道，加強現場通行秩序引導維護。
突發公共衛生事件應急響應 response to public health emergencies
4月30日零時起，北京將突發公共衛生事件一級響應調整為二級響應（lower the emergency response to the novel coronavirus epidemic from the top level to the second level），并相應調整防控策略。
對于響應級別調整，北京市人民政府副秘書長陳蓓介紹：
By the end of Tuesday, 15 of the 16 districts in Beijing had reported zero new local cases for more than 36 days. Chaoyang district, which was listed as the high-risk area for COVID-19 control, has no new local cases for 14 days by Wednesday and will be listed as low-risk area.截至4月28日24時，北京市16個區中有15個區超過36天無新增本土病例報告。截至4月29日，此前被列為新冠肺炎防控高風險地區的朝陽區已連續14天無新增報告確診病例，成為低風險地區。
Beijing has been taking strict measures on both domestic and overseas travelers coming to the capital, as well as community control to prevent infection risks, which has proved to be effective. In Beijing, the risk of outbreak has been generally mitigated.
北京采取了嚴把入京關、境內外人員進京關，以及社區嚴格疫情防控等有效措施。目前北京疫情防控總體風險可控。
北京調低應急響應級別后，防控策略調整涉及哪些方面？
低風險地區返京不再要求隔離14天
People from low-risk regions of China will not need to be quarantined for 14 days at home upon arriving in Beijing. Those who are undergoing concentrated or at-home observation need not continue.對從國內低風險地區返京、出差返京人員，不再要求居家觀察14天。正在居家集中觀察的，可以解除觀察。
But the strict management of inbound personnel and those from high- and medium-risk areas and Hubei, the province once hardest hit by the virus, will continue.不包括境外回京人員，也不包括湖北含武漢地區的人員及國內其他省市高、中風險地區進京的人員。
快遞外賣中介可憑健康寶綠碼進小區，親友也可以
Couriers, deliverymen, housekeepers and real estate agents with green health codes will be allowed to enter residential communities, which will remain under closed-off management.繼續實施社區封閉式管理，快遞、外賣、家政服務以及房屋中介等服務行業從業人員，持“健康寶”綠碼登記后可以進入小區。
Relative visitors will also be allowed if their health codes are green.非本小區居民持“健康寶”綠碼并登記后可進入小區探親訪友。
入住賓館酒店不再要求提供核酸檢測證明
Hotels in Beijing will not require nucleic acid test results from guests, with only a green health code needed to check-in.入住賓館酒店的，可憑借“健康寶”綠碼辦理手續，不再要求提供核酸檢測證明。
有序放開公共交通滿載率限制
The maximum allowable passenger capacity will be raised from 50 percent of full capacity to 75 percent on buses and to 65 percent on subway trains.地面公交滿載率由50%上調至75%，軌道交通滿載率由50%上調至65%。
有序恢復跨京冀公交線路運營
Bus services between Beijing and some areas in the neighboring Hebei province will resume operations in an orderly manner, and inter-provincial long-distance and chartered bus services will gradually be resumed.有序恢復跨京冀公交線路運營，逐步恢復進出京長途客運班線和旅游包車業務。
暫不開放影院、KTV、地下空間健身所、小區內外棋牌室娛樂室
Libraries, museums and galleries will reopen in an orderly manner with restricted numbers of visitors, and cinemas, karaoke houses and underground gymnasiums and natatoria will remain closed.有序開放圖書館、博物館、美術館等室內公共場所，并實行預約限流措施。但各影院、KTV、地下空間體育健身場所、游泳館等暫不開放。
戶外環境原則上可不戴口罩或根據自身狀況決定
Ordinary people can take off their masks in outdoor public venues if they are not at populated sites like school campuses and stations of public transport. Pregnant women, children and the elderly with poor immunity are still advised to wear their masks on if they need to go to public places.普通人在戶外可以不戴口罩，校園、公共交通站點等人員密集場所除外。孕產婦、兒童、老人等體質弱并需前往公共場所的人員仍建議戴口罩。
（中國日報網英語點津 馬文英）
來源：中國日報網